VSAG: An Optimized Search Framework for Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

Summary: VSAG: an open-source production framework that accelerates graph-based ANNS by reducing L3 cache misses (prefetching + cache-friendly vector layout) and cutting distance costs via hardware-aware low-precision/scalar quantization. It also auto-tunes algorithm parameters without index rebuilds; deployed at Ant Group and shows up to 4× speedup over HNSWlib at equal accuracy on real datasets. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 14103
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2025
Pagerank: 4.5581054e-05
Overall Rank: 8,209 | 42.90%
DOI: 10.14778/3750601.3750624

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 4 of 4 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
10,158	Efficient and Robust Out-Of-Distribution Vector Similarity Search with Cross-Distribution Monotonic Graph	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,166	FGIM: a Fast Graph-based Indexes Merging Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,237	Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search	2026	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,287	RED-ANNS: An RDMA-Enabled Distributed Framework for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search	2026	VLDB	4.1945683e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 15 of 15 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
34	Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing	1999	VLDB	0.00076637636
212	Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph	2019	VLDB	0.00033913475
495	Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System	2021	SIGMOD	0.00021767688
605	Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme Based on Dynamic Collision Counting	2012	SIGMOD	0.000193396
867	SRS: Solving c-Approximate Nearest Neighbor Queries in High Dimensional Euclidean Space with a Tiny Index	2015	VLDB	0.00015792021
1,269	Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan	2016	VLDB	0.00012930432
2,023	Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases	2023	SIGMOD	9.7544991e-05
2,181	PM-LSH: A Fast and Accurate LSH Framework for High-Dimensional Approximate NN Search	2020	VLDB	9.3451821e-05
2,262	Manu: A Cloud Native Vector Database Management System	2022	VLDB	9.1624446e-05
2,324	RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search	2024	SIGMOD	9.0326444e-05
2,725	HVS: Hierarchical Graph Structure Based on Voronoi Diagrams for Solving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search	2022	VLDB	8.2294908e-05
2,811	High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations	2023	SIGMOD	8.0806307e-05
3,400	ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science	2023	VLDB	7.1405533e-05
4,598	Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search	2025	SIGMOD	6.0586236e-05
5,569	Revisiting the Index Construction of Proximity Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search	2025	VLDB	5.4290942e-05

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Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
8,245	MIRAGE-ANNS: Mixed Approach Graph-based Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search	2025	SIGMOD	4.5514956e-05
2,971	Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces	2023	VLDB	7.7970531e-05
770	A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search	2021	VLDB	0.00016917602
10,760	Turbocharging Vector Databases using Modern SSDs	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
5,569	Revisiting the Index Construction of Proximity Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search	2025	VLDB	5.4290942e-05
10,166	FGIM: a Fast Graph-based Indexes Merging Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
2,725	HVS: Hierarchical Graph Structure Based on Voronoi Diagrams for Solving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search	2022	VLDB	8.2294908e-05
8,439	Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUs	2025	SIGMOD	4.5128946e-05
212	Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph	2019	VLDB	0.00033913475
10,683	Accelerating Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Hierarchical Graphs: Efficient Level Navigation with Shortcuts	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05