Database Paper Browser

Back to papers

From Scale-Up to Scale-Out: PolarDB's Journey to Achieving 2 Billion tpmC

Summary: PolarDB evolved from RDMA-accelerated scale-up—many-core B+‑tree concurrency and transaction co-design—to an RDMA-based scale-out distributed transaction engine. Reaches 2.0B tpmC on 2340 nodes (0.16% jitter), 2.5–2.9× throughput and 37–79.5% lower per-tpmC cost vs peers. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
14107
Venue
VLDB
Year
2025
Pagerank
4.1945683e-05
Overall Rank
10,782 | 25.00%
DOI
10.14778/3750601.3750627

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

No non-self incoming citations found for this paper in this database.

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
10,143 Beluga: A CXL-Based Memory Architecture for Scalable and Efficient LLM KVCache Management 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
Previous Page 1 / 1 Next

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 33 of 33 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
122 Calvin: Fast Distributed Transactions for Partitioned Database Systems 2012 SIGMOD 0.00045316749
156 Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases 2017 SIGMOD 0.00040504295
174 ARIES/KVL: A Key-Value Locking Method for Concurrency Control of Multiaction Transactions Operating on B-Tree Indexes 1990 VLDB 0.00038347904
375 Nonblocking Commit Protocols 1981 SIGMOD 0.00025176239
390 CockroachDB: The Resilient Geo-Distributed SQL Database 2020 SIGMOD 0.00024607299
488 TiDB: A Raft-based HTAP Database 2020 VLDB 0.000220409
819 Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory 2015 VLDB 0.00016298164
918 Socrates: The New SQL Server in the Cloud 2019 SIGMOD 0.00015350181
1,088 ARIES/IM: An Efficient and High Concurrency Index Management Method Using Write-Ahead Logging 1992 SIGMOD 0.00014161003
1,361 The End of Slow Networks: It's Time for a Redesign 2016 VLDB 0.00012379741
1,593 PolarFS: An Ultra-low Latency and Failure Resilient Distributed File System for Shared Storage Cloud Database 2018 VLDB 0.00011224049
1,729 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB 0.0001073728
1,819 The End of a Myth: Distributed Transactions Can Scale 2017 VLDB 0.00010429773
1,852 Designing Distributed Tree-based Index Structures for Fast RDMA-capable Networks 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010322492
1,957 On the Design and Scalability of Distributed Shared-Data Databases 2015 SIGMOD 9.9598319e-05
2,047 Automatically Indexing Millions of Databases in Microsoft Azure SQL Database 2019 SIGMOD 9.6920209e-05
2,358 PolarDB Serverless: A Cloud Native Database for Disaggregated Data Centers 2021 SIGMOD 8.9617346e-05
2,373 SLOG: Serializable, Low-latency, Geo-replicated Transactions 2019 VLDB 8.9476269e-05
3,176 Sherman: A Write-Optimized Distributed B+Tree Index on Disaggregated Memory 2022 SIGMOD 7.436745e-05
3,430 Towards Cost-Effective and Elastic Cloud Database Deployment via Memory Disaggregation 2021 VLDB 7.1009617e-05
3,628 OceanBase: A 707 Million tpmC Distributed Relational Database System 2022 VLDB 6.9031596e-05
4,130 B+-tree Index Optimization by Exploiting Internal Parallelism of Flash-based Solid State Drives 2012 VLDB 6.4256779e-05
4,283 Fast General Distributed Transactions with Opacity 2019 SIGMOD 6.2917189e-05
5,042 Design Guidelines for Correct, Efficient, and Scalable Synchronization using One-Sided RDMA 2023 SIGMOD 5.7414429e-05
5,512 Strong consistency is not hard to get: Two-Phase Locking and Two-Phase Commit on Thousands of Cores 2019 VLDB 5.4665318e-05
6,348 Taurus MM: bringing multi-master to the cloud 2023 VLDB 5.1019557e-05
6,472 NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems 2022 VLDB 5.0510585e-05
6,741 DEX: Scalable Range Indexing on Disaggregated Memory 2024 VLDB 4.9432931e-05
7,169 PolarDB-MP: A Multi-Primary Cloud-Native Database via Disaggregated Shared Memory 2024 SIGMOD 4.8120082e-05
7,683 TDSQL: Tencent Distributed Database System 2024 VLDB 4.6799361e-05
8,039 Epoxy: ACID Transactions Across Diverse Data Stores 2023 VLDB 4.6000795e-05
8,095 GaussDB: A Cloud-Native Multi-Primary Database with Compute-Memory-Storage Disaggregation 2024 VLDB 4.5865778e-05
9,126 PolarDB-SCC: A Cloud-Native Database Ensuring Low Latency for Strongly Consistent Reads 2023 VLDB 4.3916756e-05
Previous Page 1 / 1 Next

Semantically Similar Papers