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R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching

Summary: R-tree, a dynamic index for multidimensional spatial data; supports non-zero sized objects with bounding rectangles. Algorithms for search and update; empirical tests show strong performance and applicability to modern spatial DBs. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
2233
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
1984
Pagerank
0.0032169493
Overall Rank
2 | 99.99%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 379 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,053 Selectivity Estimation in Spatial Databases 1999 SIGMOD 9.6728745e-05
2,085 Capacity Constrained Assignment in Spatial Databases 2008 SIGMOD 9.5804907e-05
2,094 Scalable Sweeping-Based Spatial Join 1998 VLDB 9.5547223e-05
2,107 What is the nearest neighbor in high dimensional spaces? 2000 VLDB 9.5330494e-05
2,115 LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data 2020 SIGMOD 9.5257379e-05
2,136 A Generic Approach to Bulk Loading Multidimensional Index Structures 1997 VLDB 9.4721139e-05
2,144 The LSD tree: spatial access to multidimensional point and non-point objects 1989 VLDB 9.4416732e-05
2,147 RINSE: Interactive Data Series Exploration with ADS+ 2015 VLDB 9.4325176e-05
2,149 Spatial Keyword Query Processing: An Experimental Evaluation 2013 VLDB 9.4266468e-05
2,245 The DEDALE System for Complex Spatial Queries 1998 SIGMOD 9.2085554e-05
2,246 Parallel R-trees 1992 SIGMOD 9.2075292e-05
2,265 The Time Index: An Access Structure For Temporal Data 1990 VLDB 9.154915e-05
2,278 Hardware Acceleration for Spatial Selections and Joins 2003 SIGMOD 9.1218781e-05
2,300 A Demonstration of SpatialHadoop: An Efficient MapReduce Framework for Spatial Data 2013 VLDB 9.0677864e-05
2,305 A Predicate Matching Algorithm for Database Rule Systems 1990 SIGMOD 9.062692e-05
2,366 Efficient Processing of Top-k Dominating Queries on Multi-Dimensional Data 2007 VLDB 8.9523637e-05
2,372 Predictable Performance for Unpredictable Workloads 2009 VLDB 8.947963e-05
2,435 iDEC: Indexable Distance Estimating Codes for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2020 VLDB 8.8252237e-05
2,472 A Comparison of Spatial Query Processing Techniques for Native and Parameter Spaces 1990 SIGMOD 8.7237893e-05
2,516 Concurrency and Recovery in Generalized Search Trees 1997 SIGMOD 8.6106981e-05
2,534 STRIPES: An Efficient Index for Predicted Trajectories 2004 SIGMOD 8.5890923e-05
2,541 Novel Approaches to the Indexing of Moving Object Trajectories 2000 VLDB 8.5795657e-05
2,561 Architecture and Implementation of the Darmstadt Database Kernel System 1987 SIGMOD 8.5400984e-05
2,570 Extensible Buffer Management of Indexes 1992 VLDB 8.5214777e-05
2,586 Segment Indexes: Dynamic Indexing Techniques for Multi-Dimensional Interval Data 1991 SIGMOD 8.4928908e-05
2,672 Spatial Joins Using Seeded Trees 1994 SIGMOD 8.3363695e-05
2,678 Effectively Learning Spatial Indices 2020 VLDB 8.3252088e-05
2,738 Indexing Large Trajectory Data Sets With SETI* 2003 CIDR 8.2005452e-05
2,900 Spatial Joins Using R-trees: Breadth-First Traversal with Global Optimizations 1997 VLDB 7.9405413e-05
2,933 Answering Top-k Queries Using Views 2006 VLDB 7.8679669e-05
2,971 Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2023 VLDB 7.7970531e-05
2,974 Estimating the Selectivity of Spatial Queries Using the 'Correlation' Fractal Dimension 1995 VLDB 7.789769e-05
2,981 Efficient Spatial Sampling of Large Geographical Tables 2012 SIGMOD 7.7809306e-05
3,039 High-Concurrency Locking in R-Trees 1995 VLDB 7.6708607e-05
3,064 Query Processing Method for Multi-Attribute Clustered Relations 1990 VLDB 7.6279403e-05
3,107 Topological Relations in the World of Minimum Bounding Rectangles: A Study with R-trees 1995 SIGMOD 7.550885e-05
3,134 Transaction Time Indexing with Version Compression 2008 VLDB 7.4967274e-05
3,199 Similarity Evaluation on Tree-structured Data 2005 SIGMOD 7.3927291e-05
3,225 DeltaPQ: Lossless Product Quantization Code Compression for High Dimensional Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 7.3463484e-05
3,255 A Revised R*-tree in Comparison with Related Index Structures 2009 SIGMOD 7.3160522e-05
3,264 Dynamic Density Based Clustering 2017 SIGMOD 7.3094408e-05
3,275 Quadtree and R-tree Indexes in Oracle Spatial: A Comparison using GIS Data 2002 SIGMOD 7.2897998e-05
3,300 Indexing the Distance: An Efficient Method to KNN Processing 2001 VLDB 7.2516103e-05
3,338 Fast Time-Series Searching with Scaling and Shifting 1999 PODS 7.2040692e-05
3,400 ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science 2023 VLDB 7.1405533e-05
3,457 Size Separation Spatial Join 1997 SIGMOD 7.0755358e-05
3,498 Cubetree: Organization of and Bulk Incremental Updates on the Data Cube 1997 SIGMOD 7.0389539e-05
3,514 Spatio-Textual Similarity Joins 2013 VLDB 7.0226998e-05
3,526 RE-Tree: An Efficient Index Structure for Regular Expressions 2002 VLDB 7.0078308e-05
3,527 Analysis of n-dimensional Quadtrees Using the Hausdorff Fractal Dimension 1996 VLDB 7.0073154e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5 The K-D-B-Tree: A Search Structure for Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes 1981 SIGMOD 0.0018397217
19 Interval Hierarchies And Their Application To Predicate Files 1977 SIGMOD 0.00091625014
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148 Efficient Processing of Spatial Joins Using R-trees 1993 SIGMOD 0.00041182766
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