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R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching

Summary: R-tree, a dynamic index for multidimensional spatial data; supports non-zero sized objects with bounding rectangles. Algorithms for search and update; empirical tests show strong performance and applicability to modern spatial DBs. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
2233
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
1984
Pagerank
0.0032169493
Overall Rank
2 | 99.99%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 379 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
8,895 Fast and Adaptive Indexing of Multi-Dimensional Observational Data 2016 VLDB 4.427268e-05
8,914 Efficient Secure and Verifiable Location-Based Skyline Queries over Encrypted Data 2022 VLDB 4.427232e-05
9,017 Indexing Medium-dimensionality Data in Oracle 1999 SIGMOD 4.4091374e-05
9,018 On Optimal Node Splitting for R-trees 1998 VLDB 4.4091374e-05
9,025 Dimensional Testing for Reverse k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2017 VLDB 4.4072367e-05
9,116 R-Tree Based Indexing of Now-Relative Bitemporal Data 1998 VLDB 4.3928853e-05
9,143 Similarity Query Processing Using Disk Arrays 1998 SIGMOD 4.3850454e-05
9,163 TrafficDB: HERE's High Performance Shared-Memory Data Store 2016 VLDB 4.3849295e-05
9,207 Rethinking Choices for Multi-dimensional Point Indexing: Making the Case for the Often Ignored Quadtree 2007 CIDR 4.3733038e-05
9,254 PS-Tree-Based Efficient Boolean Expression Matching for High-Dimensional and Dense Workloads 2019 VLDB 4.3690661e-05
9,258 Main-Memory Operation Buffering for Efficient R-Tree Update 2007 VLDB 4.3690661e-05
9,283 Adaptive Indexing in High-Dimensional Metric Spaces 2023 VLDB 4.3631652e-05
9,482 MCR-Tree: An Efficient Index for Multi-dimensional Core Search 2024 SIGMOD 4.3341665e-05
9,531 An Experimental Evaluation and Investigation of Waves of Misery in R-trees 2022 VLDB 4.3274164e-05
9,767 Adaptive Indexing of Objects with Spatial Extent 2023 VLDB 4.2856106e-05
9,824 NEXT: A New Secondary Index Framework for LSM-based Data Storage 2025 SIGMOD 4.2751057e-05
9,827 PLATON: Top-down R-tree Packing with Learned Partition Policy 2023 SIGMOD 4.2751057e-05
9,853 Dynamic Update Cube for Range-Sum Queries 2001 VLDB 4.2711871e-05
9,898 Top-k Relevant Semantic Place Retrieval on Spatial RDF Data 2016 SIGMOD 4.2600049e-05
9,976 Raster is Faster: Rethinking Ray Tracing in Database Indexing 2026 CIDR 4.1945683e-05
10,240 Effective Durable Community Search in Large Temporal Graph 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,331 MS-Index: Fast Top-k Subsequence Search for Multivariate Time Series under Euclidean Distance 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,385 Optimizing Block Skipping for High-Dimensional Data with Learned Adaptive Curve 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,387 Parallel kd-tree with Batch Updates 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,507 SwiftSpatial: Spatial Joins on Modern Hardware 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,556 Efficient Concurrent Updates to Persistent Randomized Binary Search Trees 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,699 The Accuracy of Cardinality Estimators: Unraveling the Evaluation Result Conundrum 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,711 Cracking Vector Search Indexes 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,748 Benchmarking Adaptive Multidimensional Indices 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,980 BT-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based Index for Big Trajectory Data 2024 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,986 Directional Queries: Making Top-k Queries More Effective in Discovering Relevant Results 2024 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,988 Finding Logic Bugs in Spatial Database Engines via Affine Equivalent Inputs 2024 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,128 LARGE: A Length-Aggregation-based Grid Structure for Line Density Visualization 2024 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,135 TUCKET: A Tensor Time Series Data Structure for Efficient and Accurate Factor Analysis over Time Ranges 2024 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,185 FINEX: A Fast Index for Exact & Flexible Density-Based Clustering 2023 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,188 ST4ML: Machine Learning Oriented Spatio-Temporal Data Processing at Scale 2023 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,212 SH2O: Efficient Data Access for Work-Sharing Databases 2023 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,335 Faster and Better Solution to Embed Lp Metrics by Tree Metrics 2022 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,361 Approximate Range Thresholding 2022 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,367 tau-LevelIndex: Towards Efficient Query Processing in Continuous Preference Space 2022 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,379 Fast Dataset Search with Earth Mover’s Distance 2022 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,504 LES3: Learning-based Exact Set Similarity Search 2021 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,541 Fast Algorithm for Anchor Graph Hashing 2021 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,649 Interactive Visualization for Big Spatial Data 2019 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,658 Anti-Freeze for Large and Complex Spreadsheets: Asynchronous Formula Computation 2019 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,774 Query Processing Techniques for Big Spatial-Keyword Data 2017 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,815 Efficient Mining of Regional Movement Patterns in Semantic Trajectories 2017 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
11,852 K-means Split Revisited: Well-grounded Approach and Experimental Evaluation 2016 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,855 Range Thresholding on Streams 2016 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
11,984 An Effective Encoding Scheme for Spatial RDF Data 2014 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5 The K-D-B-Tree: A Search Structure for Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes 1981 SIGMOD 0.0018397217
19 Interval Hierarchies And Their Application To Predicate Files 1977 SIGMOD 0.00091625014
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