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Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning

Summary: Proposes MSCN, a multi-set convolutional network that encodes relational query plans with set semantics to learn cardinalities and capture join-crossing correlations. Combines deep learning with sampling to handle zero-sample cases, yielding much better estimates on real-world data. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
315
Venue
CIDR
Year
2019
Pagerank
0.00034784455
Overall Rank
204 | 98.59%
DOI
-

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 176 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
333 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00027206884
608 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00019235898
640 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00018759152
758 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.0001706608
801 SageDB: A Learned Database System 2019 CIDR 0.00016505496
806 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.00016434274
826 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00016224841
884 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00015654004
910 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00015423056
1,254 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00013027411
1,638 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00011049779
1,643 CodexDB: Synthesizing Code for Query Processing from Natural Language Instructions using GPT-3 Codex 2022 VLDB 0.0001104256
1,703 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00010836769
1,737 QuickSel: Quick Selectivity Learning with Mixture Models 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010720294
2,121 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 9.5017232e-05
2,364 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 8.9554751e-05
2,596 WeTune: Automatic Discovery and Verification of Query Rewrite Rules 2022 SIGMOD 8.4729982e-05
2,762 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.1585394e-05
2,783 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 8.1293383e-05
2,865 Designing Succinct Secondary Indexing Mechanism by Exploiting Column Correlations 2019 SIGMOD 7.9862595e-05
2,985 DSB: A Decision Support Benchmark for Workload-Driven and Traditional Database Systems 2021 VLDB 7.7795847e-05
3,076 Learning a Partitioning Advisor for Cloud Databases 2020 SIGMOD 7.6107677e-05
3,169 QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation 2022 VLDB 7.4498425e-05
3,248 A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search 2022 VLDB 7.3258782e-05
3,266 Learned Cardinality Estimation: An In-depth Study 2022 SIGMOD 7.3074684e-05
3,348 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 7.1904529e-05
3,449 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 7.0824319e-05
3,499 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 7.0376445e-05
3,625 Cost Models for Big Data Query Processing: Learning, Retrofitting, and Our Findings 2020 SIGMOD 6.9055212e-05
3,725 Estimating Cardinalities with Deep Sketches 2019 SIGMOD 6.8170734e-05
3,727 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 6.8141709e-05
3,778 A Learned Sketch for Subgraph Counting 2021 SIGMOD 6.7747398e-05
3,779 Instance-Optimized Data Layouts for Cloud Analytics Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 6.7747205e-05
3,824 Correlation Sketches for Approximate Join-Correlation Queries 2021 SIGMOD 6.7260705e-05
3,828 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 6.7208524e-05
3,924 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 6.6271553e-05
3,954 Efficiently Approximating Selectivity Functions using Low Overhead Regression Models 2020 VLDB 6.5926838e-05
3,990 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 6.5581983e-05
4,097 The Case for a Learned Sorting Algorithm 2020 SIGMOD 6.4551616e-05
4,152 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 6.4060406e-05
4,359 Astrid: Accurate Selectivity Estimation for String Predicates using Deep Learning 2021 VLDB 6.2569955e-05
4,388 Proving Query Equivalence Using Linear Integer Arithmetic 2023 SIGMOD 6.2303078e-05
4,434 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.1929999e-05
4,523 Simplicity Done Right for Join Ordering 2021 CIDR 6.1135504e-05
4,543 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 6.1011198e-05
4,590 MB2: Decomposed Behavior Modeling for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.0620053e-05
4,593 Auto-WLM: Machine Learning Enhanced Workload Management in Amazon Redshift 2023 SIGMOD 6.0606891e-05
4,646 CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm 2022 VLDB 6.0250374e-05
4,661 PreQR: Pre-training Representation for SQL Understanding 2022 SIGMOD 6.0137947e-05
4,804 Efficient Deep Learning Pipelines for Accurate Cost Estimations Over Large Scale Query Workload 2021 SIGMOD 5.910467e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 14 of 14 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

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