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Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning

Summary: Proposes MSCN, a multi-set convolutional network that encodes relational query plans with set semantics to learn cardinalities and capture join-crossing correlations. Combines deep learning with sampling to handle zero-sample cases, yielding much better estimates on real-world data. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
315
Venue
CIDR
Year
2019
Pagerank
0.00034868567
Overall Rank
203 | 98.60%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 177 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
329 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00027301488
606 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00019251186
634 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00018844568
752 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00017138049
796 SageDB: A Learned Database System 2019 CIDR 0.00016541749
804 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001643674
819 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00016237497
876 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00015660534
905 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00015423174
1,239 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00013091459
1,631 CodexDB: Synthesizing Code for Query Processing from Natural Language Instructions using GPT-3 Codex 2022 VLDB 0.00011071662
1,638 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00011050093
1,699 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00010848882
1,727 QuickSel: Quick Selectivity Learning with Mixture Models 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010731889
2,090 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 9.5668285e-05
2,364 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 8.955077e-05
2,595 WeTune: Automatic Discovery and Verification of Query Rewrite Rules 2022 SIGMOD 8.4725961e-05
2,769 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.1512848e-05
2,781 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 8.1282042e-05
2,868 Designing Succinct Secondary Indexing Mechanism by Exploiting Column Correlations 2019 SIGMOD 7.9856878e-05
2,937 DSB: A Decision Support Benchmark for Workload-Driven and Traditional Database Systems 2021 VLDB 7.8552033e-05
3,066 Learning a Partitioning Advisor for Cloud Databases 2020 SIGMOD 7.6255556e-05
3,167 QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation 2022 VLDB 7.4561078e-05
3,241 A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search 2022 VLDB 7.32744e-05
3,269 Learned Cardinality Estimation: An In-depth Study 2022 SIGMOD 7.3026051e-05
3,345 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 7.1908499e-05
3,455 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 7.0760196e-05
3,492 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 7.0435484e-05
3,623 Cost Models for Big Data Query Processing: Learning, Retrofitting, and Our Findings 2020 SIGMOD 6.9017341e-05
3,725 Estimating Cardinalities with Deep Sketches 2019 SIGMOD 6.8117015e-05
3,729 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 6.8078013e-05
3,777 Instance-Optimized Data Layouts for Cloud Analytics Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 6.7713324e-05
3,781 A Learned Sketch for Subgraph Counting 2021 SIGMOD 6.7691344e-05
3,819 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 6.7267885e-05
3,827 Correlation Sketches for Approximate Join-Correlation Queries 2021 SIGMOD 6.7195959e-05
3,924 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 6.6227223e-05
3,955 Efficiently Approximating Selectivity Functions using Low Overhead Regression Models 2020 VLDB 6.5895015e-05
3,992 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 6.5519369e-05
4,086 The Case for a Learned Sorting Algorithm 2020 SIGMOD 6.4579358e-05
4,151 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 6.4020605e-05
4,352 Astrid: Accurate Selectivity Estimation for String Predicates using Deep Learning 2021 VLDB 6.2542257e-05
4,385 Proving Query Equivalence Using Linear Integer Arithmetic 2023 SIGMOD 6.2247394e-05
4,431 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.1870601e-05
4,526 Simplicity Done Right for Join Ordering 2021 CIDR 6.1079584e-05
4,543 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 6.0953507e-05
4,587 MB2: Decomposed Behavior Modeling for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.0594195e-05
4,592 Auto-WLM: Machine Learning Enhanced Workload Management in Amazon Redshift 2023 SIGMOD 6.056004e-05
4,658 PreQR: Pre-training Representation for SQL Understanding 2022 SIGMOD 6.0084453e-05
4,730 UDO: Universal Database Optimization using Reinforcement Learning 2021 VLDB 5.9604983e-05
4,799 Towards Dynamic and Safe Configuration Tuning for Cloud Databases 2022 SIGMOD 5.9082876e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 14 of 14 cited papers.

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