Hist-Tree: Those Who Ignore It Are Doomed to Learn

Summary: Argues learned indexes' gains largely reflect implicit assumptions (sortedness/range) rather than ML modeling, and that a traditional structure can exploit them. Proposes Hist-Tree — a histogram-based tree with a compact read-only layout — that outperforms RMI, PGM, and RadixSpline by up to 1.8–2.7× lookup latency. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 419
Venue: CIDR
Year: 2021
Pagerank: 5.6589595e-05
Overall Rank: 5,157 | 64.13%
DOI: -

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Andrew Crotty

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
3,611	SNARF: A Learning-Enhanced Range Filter	2022	VLDB	6.9191399e-05
4,128	Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready?	2022	VLDB	6.4292373e-05
5,074	Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation	2023	VLDB	5.7175726e-05
6,297	Towards instance-optimized data systems	2021	VLDB	5.1227886e-05
6,724	A Critical Analysis of Recursive Model Indexes	2022	VLDB	4.9484506e-05
8,076	Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training	2024	VLDB	4.5917398e-05
8,414	The next 50 Years in Database Indexing or: The Case for Automatically Generated Index Structures	2022	VLDB	4.5203005e-05
9,346	Can Learned Indexes be Built Efficiently? A Deep Dive into Sampling Trade-offs	2024	SIGMOD	4.3532026e-05
10,038	Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis]	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 12 of 12 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
102	The Case for Learned Index Structures	2018	SIGMOD	0.00049545203
103	Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory	2000	SIGMOD	0.00049150032
238	Cache Conscious Indexing for Decision-Support in Main Memory	1999	VLDB	0.00031642425
381	FAST: Fast Architecture Sensitive Tree Search on Modern CPUs and GPUs	2010	SIGMOD	0.00024873637
801	SageDB: A Learned Database System	2019	CIDR	0.00016505496
826	ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index	2020	SIGMOD	0.00016224841
857	The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds	2020	VLDB	0.00015882892
1,375	FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure	2019	SIGMOD	0.00012303141
1,460	Benchmarking Learned Indexes	2021	VLDB	0.00011887068
1,478	Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes	2020	SIGMOD	0.00011762542
1,889	Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads	2021	VLDB	0.00010200865
2,732	Efficiently Searching In-Memory Sorted Arrays: Revenge of the Interpolation Search?	2019	SIGMOD	8.2087602e-05

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5,074	Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation	2023	VLDB	5.7175726e-05
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