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Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine

Summary: Lethe introduces a delete-aware LSM engine with a compact metadata footprint and a data layout that interleaves sort and delete keys. It supports tunable tombstone propagation, range deletes on a secondary delete key, yielding higher read throughput and lower space amplification at modest write cost. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
6034
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2020
Pagerank
8.163097e-05
Overall Rank
2,755 | 81.10%
DOI
10.1145/3318464.3389757

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{sarkar_sigmod20,
        title = {{Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine}},
        author = {Sarkar, Subhadeep and Papon, Tarikul Islam and Staratzis, Dimitris and Athanassoulis, Manos},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '20},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3318464.3389757},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3318464.3389757},
        year = {2020}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 27 of 27 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,954 Chucky: A Succinct Cuckoo Filter for LSM-Tree 2021 SIGMOD 9.4208165e-05
3,005 Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space 2021 VLDB 7.8608206e-05
3,054 Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly 2022 VLDB 7.8090808e-05
3,577 Cosine: A Cloud-Cost Optimized Self-Designing Key-Value Storage Engine 2022 VLDB 7.2930211e-05
3,802 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 7.1115502e-05
3,960 HedgeCut: Maintaining Randomised Trees for Low-Latency Machine Unlearning 2021 SIGMOD 6.9878154e-05
5,226 Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems 2021 VLDB 6.3090383e-05
5,229 Dissecting, Designing, and Optimizing LSM-based Data Stores 2022 SIGMOD 6.307514e-05
5,766 Endure: A Robust Tuning Paradigm for LSM Trees Under Workload Uncertainty 2022 VLDB 6.094771e-05
5,780 Compactionary: A Dictionary for LSM Compactions 2022 SIGMOD 6.091058e-05
6,490 CAVE: Concurrency-Aware Graph Processing on SSDs 2024 SIGMOD 5.8643667e-05
6,843 Learning to Optimize LSM-trees: Towards A Reinforcement Learning based Key-Value Store for Dynamic Workloads 2023 SIGMOD 5.7573899e-05
7,757 CAMAL: Optimizing LSM-trees via Active Learning 2024 SIGMOD 5.5508469e-05
8,156 How to Grow an LSM-tree? Towards Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice 2025 SIGMOD 5.4765648e-05
8,360 SA-LSM: Optimize Data Layout for LSM-tree Based Storage using Survival Analysis 2022 VLDB 5.4444442e-05
8,463 Limousine: Blending Learned and Classical Indexes to Self-Design Larger-than-Memory Cloud Storage Engines 2024 SIGMOD 5.4205593e-05
8,475 Mnemosyne: Dynamic Workload-Aware BF Tuning via Accurate Statistics in LSM trees 2025 SIGMOD 5.4171036e-05
8,811 ArceKV: Towards Workload-driven LSM-compactions for Key-Value Store Under Dynamic Workloads 2026 VLDB 5.3652966e-05
8,896 Aster: Enhancing LSM-structures for Scalable Graph Database 2025 SIGMOD 5.3495662e-05
9,021 Structural Designs Meet Optimality: Exploring Optimized LSM-tree Structures in A Colossal Configuration Space 2024 SIGMOD 5.3305499e-05
9,457 Rethinking The Compaction Policies in LSM-trees 2025 SIGMOD 5.2642945e-05
9,970 NEXT: A New Secondary Index Framework for LSM-based Data Storage 2025 SIGMOD 5.1845938e-05
10,081 Rethink Query Optimization in HTAP Databases 2023 SIGMOD 5.158939e-05
10,134 A Multi-tenant Relational OLTP Database at Salesforce 2026 CIDR 5.093636e-05
10,693 MaLT: A Framework for Managing Large Transactions in OceanBase 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,925 Meaningful Data Erasure in the Presence of Dependencies 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,257 On Reducing Space Amplification with Multi-Column Compaction in Apache IoTDB 2024 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 24 of 24 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
12 C-Store: A Column-oriented DBMS 2005 VLDB 0.00069513174
66 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00038561587
186 The Vertica Analytic Database: C-Store 7 Years Later 2012 VLDB 0.00026182534
275 bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree 2012 SIGMOD 0.00022630189
361 The Dataflow Model: A Practical Approach to Balancing Correctness, Latency, and Cost in Massive-Scale, Unbounded, Out-of-Order Data Processing 2015 VLDB 0.00020138717
446 Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store 2017 SIGMOD 0.00018332392
472 Optimizing Space Amplification in RocksDB 2017 CIDR 0.000179044
512 Tree Indexing on Solid State Drives 2010 VLDB 0.00017196795
612 Twitter Heron: Stream Processing at Scale 2015 SIGMOD 0.0001573018
669 The TileDB Array Data Storage Manager 2017 VLDB 0.00015163245
831 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013748512
880 SuRF: Practical Range Query Filtering with Fast Succinct Tries 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013432693
1,199 Bridging the Archipelago between Row-Stores and Column-Stores for Hybrid Workloads 2016 SIGMOD 0.00011703966
1,312 Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing: A Survey 2017 SIGMOD 0.00011193166
1,347 X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011073571
1,367 H2O: A Hands-free Adaptive Store 2014 SIGMOD 0.00011014419
1,492 BF-Tree: Approximate Tree Indexing 2014 VLDB 0.00010588267
1,502 The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010557694
1,629 Positional Update Handling in Column Stores 2010 SIGMOD 0.00010184131
2,222 Efficiently Searching In-Memory Sorted Arrays: Revenge of the Interpolation Search? 2019 SIGMOD 8.9255716e-05
3,895 The Case For Heterogeneous HTAP 2017 CIDR 7.0416054e-05
5,564 MaSM: Efficient Online Updates in Data Warehouses 2011 SIGMOD 6.1716245e-05
6,449 Big Data Space Fungus 2015 CIDR 5.8757106e-05
9,426 Efficient Bulk Deletes for Multi Dimensional Clustered Tables in DB2 2007 VLDB 5.2710946e-05
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