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Cypher: An Evolving Query Language for Property Graphs

Summary: Cypher 9, governed by openCypher Implementers Group, evolves Neo4j property-graph language. Formalizes read queries, ASCII Art pattern matching, and outlines Cypher 10 for compositionality, graph projections, and multi-graph support. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
5490
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2018
Pagerank
0.00016634256
Overall Rank
789 | 94.52%
DOI
10.1145/3183713.3190657

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 56 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
964 G-CORE: A Core for Future Graph Query Languages 2018 SIGMOD 0.0001497475
1,785 PG-Schema: Schemas for Property Graphs 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010560236
2,505 Graph Pattern Matching in GQL and SQL/PGQ 2022 SIGMOD 8.634551e-05
2,919 RaSQL: Greater Power and Performance for Big Data Analytics with Recursive-aggregate-SQL on Spark 2019 SIGMOD 7.9047279e-05
3,287 GraphScope: A Unified Engine For Big Graph Processing 2021 VLDB 7.2739447e-05
3,306 PG-Keys: Keys for Property Graphs 2021 SIGMOD 7.2437997e-05
4,012 Columnar Storage and List-based Processing for Graph Database Management Systems 2021 VLDB 6.5335884e-05
4,503 Testing Graph Database Systems via Graph-Aware Metamorphic Relations 2024 VLDB 6.1349827e-05
5,259 On the Optimization of Recursive Relational Queries: Application to Graph Queries 2020 SIGMOD 5.5984356e-05
5,517 Representing Paths in Graph Database Pattern Matching 2023 VLDB 5.4626107e-05
5,531 Presto: A Decade of SQL Analytics at Meta 2023 SIGMOD 5.4549499e-05
5,651 GPC: A Pattern Calculus for Property Graphs 2023 PODS 5.3905536e-05
5,723 Evolution of a Compiling Query Engine 2021 VLDB 5.3522361e-05
5,792 Querying in the Age of Graph Databases and Knowledge Graphs 2021 SIGMOD 5.325937e-05
5,907 IBM Db2 Graph: Supporting Synergistic and Retrofittable Graph Queries Inside IBM Db2 2020 SIGMOD 5.2776711e-05
6,303 Rel: A Programming Language for Relational Data 2025 SIGMOD 5.1214271e-05
6,730 A Hierarchical Contraction Scheme for Querying Big Graphs 2022 SIGMOD 4.9479867e-05
7,713 GQL and SQL/PGQ: Theoretical Models and Expressive Power 2025 VLDB 4.6712228e-05
7,735 AeonG: An Efficient Built-in Temporal Support in Graph Databases 2024 VLDB 4.6644355e-05
7,892 M2Bench: A Database Benchmark for Multi-Model Analytic Workloads 2023 VLDB 4.6245179e-05
8,068 Updating Graph Databases with Cypher 2019 VLDB 4.5934689e-05
8,276 DuckPGQ: Efficient Property Graph Queries in an analytical RDBMS 2023 CIDR 4.5439811e-05
8,481 Mammoths Are Slow: The Overlooked Transactions of Graph Data 2024 VLDB 4.501065e-05
8,804 Conjunctive Regular Path Queries under Injective Semantics 2023 PODS 4.4468701e-05
9,028 Enabling Rich Queries Over Heterogeneous Data From Diverse Sources In HealthCare 2020 CIDR 4.4043898e-05
9,034 Transforming RDF Graphs to Property Graphs using Standardized Schemas 2024 SIGMOD 4.4039656e-05
9,037 Transforming Property Graphs 2024 VLDB 4.4039656e-05
9,153 PG-Triggers: Triggers for Property Graphs 2024 SIGMOD 4.3849295e-05
9,455 GraphScope Flex: LEGO-like Graph Computing Stack 2024 SIGMOD 4.3388007e-05
9,676 Schema-Based Query Optimisation for Graph Databases 2025 SIGMOD 4.3047774e-05
9,728 SPACE: Cardinality Estimation for Path Queries Using Cardinality-Aware Sequence-based Learning 2025 SIGMOD 4.2942813e-05
9,744 Output-Sensitive Evaluation of Regular Path Queries 2025 PODS 4.2897489e-05
9,788 A Modular Graph-Native Query Optimization Framework 2025 SIGMOD 4.2818172e-05
9,845 Path-centric Cardinality Estimation for Subgraph Matching 2025 VLDB 4.2721228e-05
9,877 Color: A Framework for Applying Graph Coloring to Subgraph Cardinality Estimation 2025 VLDB 4.2656547e-05
9,916 TenGraph: A Tensor-Based Graph Query Engine 2024 VLDB 4.2561557e-05
9,997 Raqlet: Cross-Paradigm Compilation for Recursive Queries 2026 CIDR 4.1945683e-05
10,096 NeuSO: Neural Optimizer for Subgraph Queries 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,133 A Principled Solution to the Disjunction Problem of Diagrammatic Query Representations 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,199 R2O: A Dual-Layer Framework for Joint Rewriting and Ordering in Distributed Property Graph Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,238 TurboLynx: Schemaless Graph Engine Strikes Back for General-Purpose Analytics 2026 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,413 RedTAO: A Trillion-edge High-throughput Graph Store 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,477 Dangers of List Processing in Querying Property Graphs 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,485 Finding Logic Bugs in Graph-processing Systems via Graph-cutting 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,520 LICS: Towards Theory-Informed Effective Visual Abstraction of Property Graph Schemas 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
10,572 G-View: View Management for Graph Databases 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,731 GraphCSR: A Degree-Equalized CSR Format for Large-scale Graph Processing 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,763 TuskFlow: An Efficient Graph Database for Long-Running Transactions 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,803 GraphAr: An Efficient Storage Scheme for Graph Data in Data Lakes 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
10,845 Versatile Property Graph Transformations 2025 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0040449103
60 Efficiently Compiling Efficient Query Plans for Modern Hardware 2011 VLDB 0.00064439773
256 GraphLog: a Visual Formalism for Real Life Recursion 1990 PODS 0.00030259041
363 A Graphical Query Language Supporting Recursion 1987 SIGMOD 0.00025715157
964 G-CORE: A Core for Future Graph Query Languages 2018 SIGMOD 0.0001497475
1,037 Querying Graph Databases 2013 PODS 0.00014502493
1,057 Cosette: An Automated Prover for SQL 2017 CIDR 0.0001439886
1,327 GraphDB: Modeling and Querying Graphs in Databases 1994 VLDB 0.00012569127
1,341 Dynamic Programming Strikes Back 2008 SIGMOD 0.00012486285
4,148 A Formal Semantics of SQL Queries, Its Validation, and Applications 2018 VLDB 6.4079361e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
461 Graphs-at-a-time: Query Language and Access Methods for Graph Databases 2008 SIGMOD 0.00022499343
1,327 GraphDB: Modeling and Querying Graphs in Databases 1994 VLDB 0.00012569127
9,535 Graph Data Models, Query Languages and Programming Paradigms 2018 VLDB 4.3265843e-05
10,477 Dangers of List Processing in Querying Property Graphs 2025 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
5,651 GPC: A Pattern Calculus for Property Graphs 2023 PODS 5.3905536e-05
1,756 Graphflow: An Active Graph Database 2017 SIGMOD 0.00010664542
9,037 Transforming Property Graphs 2024 VLDB 4.4039656e-05
11,095 DTGraph: Declarative Transformations of Property Graphs 2024 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
9,582 Incremental View Maintenance for Property Graph Queries 2018 SIGMOD 4.3221243e-05
8,068 Updating Graph Databases with Cypher 2019 VLDB 4.5934689e-05