Cloudspecs: Cloud Hardware Evolution Through the Looking Glass

Summary: 2015–2025 longitudinal study of cloud instances (AWS-focused, cross-cloud/on‑prem comparisons) shows network bandwidth per dollar up ≈10×, modest CPU/DRAM gains, and NVMe throughput stalled since 2016. Smaller clouds are up to 5× cheaper, reshaping cost/perf bottlenecks; includes an interactive exploration tool. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 577
Venue: CIDR
Year: 2026
Pagerank: 4.1945683e-05
Overall Rank: 9,975 | 30.61%
DOI: -

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
10,248	Active Data Lakes: Regaining Physical Data Independence Without Losing Interoperability	2026	VLDB	4.1945683e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
156	Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases	2017	SIGMOD	0.00040504295
167	The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse	2016	SIGMOD	0.00039180521
213	THE 5 MINUTE RULE FOR TRADING MEMORY FOR DISC ACCESSES and THE 10 BYTE RULE FOR TRADING MEMORY FOR CPU TIME	1987	SIGMOD	0.00033660051
426	Amazon Redshift and the Case for Simpler Data Warehouses	2015	SIGMOD	0.00023594359
735	Umbra: A Disk-Based System with In-Memory Performance	2020	CIDR	0.00017452467
2,568	Towards Cost-Optimal Query Processing in the Cloud	2021	VLDB	8.5239227e-05
3,644	BtrBlocks: Efficient Columnar Compression for Data Lakes	2023	SIGMOD	6.8854928e-05
3,687	Exploiting Directly-Attached NVMe Arrays in DBMS	2020	CIDR	6.8417266e-05
3,736	What Modern NVMe Storage Can Do, And How To Exploit It: High-Performance I/O for High-Performance Storage Engines	2023	VLDB	6.8057888e-05
3,753	Choosing A Cloud DBMS: Architectures and Tradeoffs	2019	VLDB	6.7871241e-05
4,870	Exploiting Cloud Object Storage for High-Performance Analytics	2023	VLDB	5.8613885e-05
6,455	DuckDB-Wasm: Fast Analytical Processing for the Web	2022	VLDB	5.0569626e-05
6,496	GOLAP: A GPU-in-Data-Path Architecture for High-Speed OLAP	2024	SIGMOD	5.0413077e-05
7,568	Powerful GPUs or Fast Interconnects: Analyzing Relational Workloads on Modern GPUs	2025	VLDB	4.7084322e-05
7,810	Databases on Modern Networks: A Decade of Research That Now Comes into Practice	2023	VLDB	4.6447306e-05
7,916	Terabyte-Scale Analytics in the Blink of an Eye	2026	VLDB	4.6173899e-05
8,861	A Model for Query Execution Over Heterogeneous Instances	2024	CIDR	4.4331977e-05
8,945	The Five-Minute Rule for the Cloud: Caching in Analytics Systems	2025	CIDR	4.4254423e-05
9,185	Practical DB-OS Co-Design with Privileged Kernel Bypass	2025	SIGMOD	4.3792034e-05
10,282	Tux: Efficient Drop-in Networking for Database Systems	2026	VLDB	4.1945683e-05

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