Cloudspecs: Cloud Hardware Evolution Through the Looking Glass

Summary: 2015–2025 longitudinal study of cloud instances (AWS-focused, cross-cloud/on‑prem comparisons) shows network bandwidth per dollar up ≈10×, modest CPU/DRAM gains, and NVMe throughput stalled since 2016. Smaller clouds are up to 5× cheaper, reshaping cost/perf bottlenecks; includes an interactive exploration tool. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 577
Venue: CIDR
Year: 2026
Pagerank: 4.1905499e-05
Overall Rank: 9,974 | 30.69%
DOI: -

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
10,248	Active Data Lakes: Regaining Physical Data Independence Without Losing Interoperability	2026	VLDB	4.1905499e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
156	Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases	2017	SIGMOD	0.00040580118
167	The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse	2016	SIGMOD	0.00039408116
214	THE 5 MINUTE RULE FOR TRADING MEMORY FOR DISC ACCESSES and THE 10 BYTE RULE FOR TRADING MEMORY FOR CPU TIME	1987	SIGMOD	0.00033644457
424	Amazon Redshift and the Case for Simpler Data Warehouses	2015	SIGMOD	0.00023604384
729	Umbra: A Disk-Based System with In-Memory Performance	2020	CIDR	0.00017448059
2,553	Towards Cost-Optimal Query Processing in the Cloud	2021	VLDB	8.5522099e-05
3,642	BtrBlocks: Efficient Columnar Compression for Data Lakes	2023	SIGMOD	6.8876984e-05
3,682	Exploiting Directly-Attached NVMe Arrays in DBMS	2020	CIDR	6.8429686e-05
3,724	What Modern NVMe Storage Can Do, And How To Exploit It: High-Performance I/O for High-Performance Storage Engines	2023	VLDB	6.8121422e-05
3,753	Choosing A Cloud DBMS: Architectures and Tradeoffs	2019	VLDB	6.7850001e-05
4,873	Exploiting Cloud Object Storage for High-Performance Analytics	2023	VLDB	5.8557568e-05
6,450	DuckDB-Wasm: Fast Analytical Processing for the Web	2022	VLDB	5.0523138e-05
6,492	GOLAP: A GPU-in-Data-Path Architecture for High-Speed OLAP	2024	SIGMOD	5.0364695e-05
7,570	Powerful GPUs or Fast Interconnects: Analyzing Relational Workloads on Modern GPUs	2025	VLDB	4.7039167e-05
7,816	Databases on Modern Networks: A Decade of Research That Now Comes into Practice	2023	VLDB	4.6402756e-05
7,917	Terabyte-Scale Analytics in the Blink of an Eye	2026	VLDB	4.6129625e-05
8,861	A Model for Query Execution Over Heterogeneous Instances	2024	CIDR	4.4289485e-05
8,949	The Five-Minute Rule for the Cloud: Caching in Analytics Systems	2025	CIDR	4.4212006e-05
9,189	Practical DB-OS Co-Design with Privileged Kernel Bypass	2025	SIGMOD	4.3750062e-05
10,294	Tux: Efficient Drop-in Networking for Database Systems	2026	VLDB	4.1905499e-05

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