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A Class of Data Structures for Associative Searching

Summary: Map tuples to integers by bit-interleaving (Morton/Z-order), letting conventional 1D indexes (e.g., B-trees) index multidimensional data. Produces a class of structures—an efficiently balanceable kd-tree variant, a simpler multidimensional B-tree, and related range-search indexes—that also support efficient set operations. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
696
Venue
PODS
Year
1984
Pagerank
0.00023200431
Overall Rank
253 | 98.27%
DOI
10.1145/588011.588037

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{orenstein_pods84,
        address = {New York, NY, USA},
        series = {{PODS} '84},
        title = {{A Class of Data Structures for Associative Searching}},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/588011.588037},
        doi = {10.1145/588011.588037},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} Symposium on {Principles} of {Database} {Systems}},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        author = {Orenstein, J. A. and Merrett, T. H.},
        year = {1984}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 39 of 39 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
96 Spatial Query Processing in an Object-Oriented Database System 1986 SIGMOD 0.00034590762
145 Efficient Processing of Spatial Joins Using R-trees 1993 SIGMOD 0.00029548428
237 Amazon Redshift and the Case for Simpler Data Warehouses 2015 SIGMOD 0.0002369895
354 Linear Clustering of Objects with Multiple Attributes 1990 SIGMOD 0.00020355578
507 Interpolation-Based Index Maintenance 1983 PODS 0.00017277375
728 Partition Based Spatial-Merge Join 1996 SIGMOD 0.00014542772
936 The Buddy-Tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Spatial Data Base Systems 1990 VLDB 0.00013092484
1,019 Redundancy in Spatial Databases 1989 SIGMOD 0.00012622386
1,202 Fractals for Secondary Key Retrieval 1989 PODS 0.00011672157
1,840 Effectively Learning Spatial Indices 2020 VLDB 9.6404567e-05
2,155 Integrating the UB-Tree into a Database System Kernel 2000 VLDB 9.0713545e-05
2,168 A Qualitative Comparison Study of Data Structures for Large Line Segment Databases 1992 SIGMOD 9.0469646e-05
2,249 A Comparison of Spatial Query Processing Techniques for Native and Parameter Spaces 1990 SIGMOD 8.8700017e-05
2,742 Multiattribute Hashing Using Gray Codes. 1986 SIGMOD 8.1827223e-05
2,886 Approximate NN Queries on Streams with Guaranteed Error/performance Bounds 2004 VLDB 7.9957585e-05
3,409 Approaching the Skyline in Z Order 2007 VLDB 7.4368546e-05
4,070 Analysis of n-dimensional Quadtrees Using the Hausdorff Fractal Dimension 1996 VLDB 6.9272604e-05
4,357 Balanced Multidimensional Extendible Hash Tree 1986 PODS 6.7463723e-05
4,620 On Indexing Line Segments 1990 VLDB 6.6025691e-05
4,740 An Experimental Analysis of Iterated Spatial Joins in Main Memory 2013 VLDB 6.5283833e-05
5,377 The Interpolation-Based Grid File 1985 PODS 6.2410452e-05
5,653 UNIFY: Unified Index for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbors Search 2025 VLDB 6.1332953e-05
5,787 On the Optimality of Clustering Properties of Space Filling Curves 2012 PODS 6.088071e-05
6,777 Techniques for Design and Implementation of Efficient Spatial Access Methods 1988 VLDB 5.7773009e-05
7,151 Theoretically Optimal and Empirically Efficient R-trees with Strong Parallelizability 2018 VLDB 5.6873519e-05
7,310 The hB-Pi-tree: A Modified hB-tree Supporting Concurrency, Recovery and Node Consolidation 1995 VLDB 5.6494751e-05
7,326 Parallel Algorithms for High-dimensional Proximity Joins 1997 VLDB 5.6435709e-05
7,612 Snakes and Sandwiches: Optimal Clustering Strategies for a Data Warehouse 1999 SIGMOD 5.5834218e-05
7,681 Efficient Concurrency Control in Multidimensional Access Methods 1999 SIGMOD 5.5683442e-05
8,003 Towards Designing and Learning Piecewise Space-Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 5.5084586e-05
9,544 SwiftSpatial: Spatial Joins on Modern Hardware 2025 SIGMOD 5.2528121e-05
10,017 Continuous Query Processing in Data Streams Using Duality of Data and Queries 2006 SIGMOD 5.1758281e-05
10,469 LM-Tree: A Hybrid Learned Index for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,342 Efficient Cost Modeling of Space-filling Curves 2024 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,794 Dynamic Interleaving of Content and Structure for Robust Indexing of Semi-Structured Hierarchical Data 2020 VLDB 5.093636e-05
12,613 Community-Driven Data Grids 2008 VLDB 5.093636e-05
12,665 HiSbase: Histogram-based P2P Main Memory Data Management 2007 VLDB 5.093636e-05
12,690 Efficient Query Processing on Unstructured Tetrahedral Meshes 2006 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
13,135 Clustered Multiattribute Hash Files 1989 PODS 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 4 of 4 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

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