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Utilization of B-trees with Inserts, Deletes and Modifies

Summary: Extends Yao-style analysis to B-tree equilibrium under parameterized mixes of inserts and deletes (modifies as delete+insert), deriving per-level split/merge probabilities and accounting for intra-node "ghost" items. Shows utilization can fall to ~39% for heavy modify workloads, gives a rule-of-thumb for split probability and two analytical models (one more accurate by modeling ghosted items). (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
869
Venue
PODS
Year
1989
Pagerank
7.7893243e-05
Overall Rank
2,975 | 79.31%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 11 of 11 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,480 Write-Optimized B-Trees 2004 VLDB 0.00011746722
1,573 Performance of B-Tree Concurrency Control Algorithms 1991 SIGMOD 0.00011295081
2,238 Lazy Updates for Distributed Search Structure 1993 SIGMOD 9.2209967e-05
2,510 LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory 2020 VLDB 8.6204284e-05
3,488 Optimal Column Layout for Hybrid Workloads 2019 VLDB 7.0479329e-05
5,239 A Framework for the Performance Analysis of Concurrent B-tree Algorithms 1990 PODS 5.6106291e-05
7,481 Buffered Persistence in B+ Trees 2024 SIGMOD 4.7180617e-05
8,049 Contention and Space Management in B-Trees 2021 CIDR 4.5973972e-05
11,007 Breathing New Life into An Old Tree: Resolving Logging Dilemma of B+-tree on Modern Computational Storage Drives 2024 VLDB 4.1945683e-05
12,161 No Bits Left Behind 2011 CIDR 4.1945683e-05
12,574 Transaction support for indexed summary views 2004 SIGMOD 4.1945683e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 0 of 0 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

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