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CockroachDB Serverless: Sub-second Scaling from Zero with Multi-region Cluster Virtualization

Summary: Two-tier CockroachDB splits SQL and KV into separate processes to enable independent scaling for multi-tenant, multi-region serverless workloads. Production deployment since 2022 achieves scaling-to-zero, sub-second cold starts, and strong data and performance isolation. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
7157
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.093636e-05
Overall Rank
10,689 | 26.67%
DOI
10.1145/3722212.3724432

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{swenson_sigmod25,
        title = {{CockroachDB Serverless: Sub-second Scaling from Zero with Multi-region Cluster Virtualization}},
        author = {Swenson, Jeff and Kimball, Andy and Poss, Raphael 'kena' and Taft, Rebecca and Lim, Jay and Storm, Adam and Bhola, Sumeer and Bulkley-Logston, Paul and Tatlow, PJ and Harding, Rachael and Shamim, Rafi and Maru, Aditya and Sharif, Irfan},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '25},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3722212.3724432},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3722212.3724432},
        year = {2025}
}

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 26 of 26 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
51 Dremel: Interactive Analysis of Web-Scale Datasets 2010 VLDB 0.0004291425
66 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00038561587
73 Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases 2017 SIGMOD 0.00037333356
208 CockroachDB: The Resilient Geo-Distributed SQL Database 2020 SIGMOD 0.00024968157
604 Socrates: The New SQL Server in the Cloud 2019 SIGMOD 0.0001584774
641 Relational Cloud: A Database-as-a-Service for the Cloud 2011 CIDR 0.00015400863
902 Albatross: Lightweight Elasticity in Shared Storage Databases for the Cloud using Live Data Migration 2011 VLDB 0.00013328979
939 Starling: A Scalable Query Engine on Cloud Functions 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013083524
1,007 Serverless Computing: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back 2019 CIDR 0.00012691341
1,453 Dremel: A Decade of Interactive SQL Analysis at Web Scale 2020 VLDB 0.00010742227
1,477 Multi-Tenant Databases for Software as a Service: Schema-Mapping Techniques 2008 SIGMOD 0.00010654969
1,482 Cloudburst: Stateful Functions-as-a-Service 2020 VLDB 0.00010642079
1,559 Cloud-Native Database Systems at Alibaba: Opportunities and Challenges 2019 VLDB 0.00010362456
1,584 PolarDB Serverless: A Cloud Native Database for Disaggregated Data Centers 2021 SIGMOD 0.0001028934
2,381 CPU Sharing Techniques for Performance Isolation in Multi-tenant Relational Database-as-a-Service 2014 VLDB 8.6607625e-05
2,407 Squall: Fine-Grained Live Reconfiguration for Partitioned Main Memory Databases 2015 SIGMOD 8.6184333e-05
2,779 The Design of the Force.com Multitenant Internet Application Development Platform 2009 SIGMOD 8.1297335e-05
2,903 Deuteronomy: Transaction Support for Cloud Data 2011 CIDR 7.9761235e-05
3,236 Sharing Buffer Pool Memory in Multi-Tenant Relational Database-as-a-Service 2015 VLDB 7.6108467e-05
3,683 Enabling the Next Generation of Multi-Region Applications with CockroachDB 2022 SIGMOD 7.2035148e-05
5,188 Resource Management in Aurora Serverless 2024 VLDB 6.3278921e-05
5,487 Remus: Efficient Live Migration for Distributed Databases with Snapshot Isolation 2022 SIGMOD 6.2006149e-05
6,481 MotherDuck: DuckDB in the cloud and in the client 2024 CIDR 5.8669399e-05
6,518 Tenant Placement in Over-subscribed Database-as-a-Service Clusters 2022 VLDB 5.8538324e-05
6,939 Multi-Tenant Cloud Data Services: State-of-the-Art, Challenges and Opportunities 2022 SIGMOD 5.7338637e-05
9,116 PolarDB-SCC: A Cloud-Native Database Ensuring Low Latency for Strongly Consistent Reads 2023 VLDB 5.3205884e-05
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