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Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis]

Summary: Systematic benchmarking shows updatable learned indexes lack robustness: real-time model instability erodes gains and they rarely beat traditional indexes in workloads. Root causes include overfitting and unbalanced structures; mitigations offered. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
7346
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2026
Pagerank
4.1905499e-05
Overall Rank
10,038 | 30.24%
DOI
10.1145/3749188

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Showing 34 of 34 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
101 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00049778866
819 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00016237497
844 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00015964123
1,085 HOT: A Height Optimized Trie Index for Main-Memory Database Systems 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014173956
1,300 Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes 2016 SIGMOD 0.00012711153
1,365 FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure 2019 SIGMOD 0.00012379754
1,438 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00011965956
1,661 On Multi-Column Foreign Key Discovery 2010 VLDB 0.00010967185
1,699 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00010848882
2,550 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 8.5569576e-05
3,136 FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems 2022 VLDB 7.4926368e-05
4,056 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 6.4905689e-05
4,069 CDFShop: Exploring and Optimizing Learned Index Structures 2020 SIGMOD 6.4744708e-05
4,404 TreeLine: An Update-In-Place Key-Value Store for Modern Storage 2023 VLDB 6.2052645e-05
5,072 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 5.7121108e-05
5,154 Hist-Tree: Those Who Ignore It Are Doomed to Learn 2021 CIDR 5.6548237e-05
5,310 The Price of Tailoring the Index to Your Data: Poisoning Attacks on Learned Index Structures 2022 SIGMOD 5.5713508e-05
5,327 DILI: A Distribution-Driven Learned Index 2023 VLDB 5.5660777e-05
5,601 PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery 2023 VLDB 5.4158958e-05
5,655 NFL: Robust Learned Index via Distribution Transformation 2022 VLDB 5.3877506e-05
6,488 FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases 2023 VLDB 5.0378878e-05
6,723 A Critical Analysis of Recursive Model Indexes 2022 VLDB 4.9449538e-05
6,860 Detect, Distill and Update: Learned DB Systems Facing Out of Distribution Data 2023 SIGMOD 4.9008421e-05
7,009 Is Your Learned Query Optimizer Behaving As You Expect? A Machine Learning Perspective 2024 VLDB 4.8597992e-05
7,389 Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk 2024 SIGMOD 4.7386163e-05
7,564 Modeling Shifting Workloads for Learned Database Systems 2024 SIGMOD 4.7049893e-05
7,870 SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models 2023 SIGMOD 4.6271153e-05
8,100 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 4.5821762e-05
8,185 Two is Better Than One: The Case for 2-Tree for Skewed Data Sets 2023 CIDR 4.5614825e-05
8,668 Algorithmic Complexity Attacks on Dynamic Learned Indexes 2024 VLDB 4.4671214e-05
9,215 PACE: Poisoning Attacks on Learned Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 4.3679174e-05
9,351 Can Learned Indexes be Built Efficiently? A Deep Dive into Sampling Trade-offs 2024 SIGMOD 4.3490308e-05
9,901 Robustness of Updatable Learning-based Index Advisors against Poisoning Attack 2024 SIGMOD 4.2539423e-05
9,902 Towards Systematic Index Dynamization 2024 VLDB 4.2539423e-05
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