GQL and SQL/PGQ: Theoretical Models and Expressive Power
Summary: Introduce Core PGQ and Core GQL formal models capturing SQL/PGQ vs GQL and contrasting PGQ's bottom-up with GQL's pipelined evaluation. Theoretically pinpoint expressiveness gaps that necessitate language extensions and empirically show standard workarounds are impractical. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Authors
- 1. Amélie Gheerbrant (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut de Recherche en Informatique Fondamentale; Université Paris Cité)
- 2. Leonid Libkin (RelationalAI; University of Edinburgh)
- 3. Liat Peterfreund (Hebrew University)
- 4. Alexandra Rogova (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Institut de Recherche en Informatique Fondamentale; Université Paris Cité)
BibTeX Citation
@article{gheerbrant_vldb25,
title = {{GQL and SQL/PGQ: Theoretical Models and Expressive Power}},
author = {Gheerbrant, Amélie and Libkin, Leonid and Peterfreund, Liat and Rogova, Alexandra},
journal = {PVLDB},
series = {{VLDB} '25},
volume = {18},
number = {6},
pages = {1798--1810},
doi = {10.14778/3725688.3725707},
url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3725688.3725707},
year = {2025}
}Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 9 of 9 citing papers.
| Rank | Citing Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 8,069 | On the Expressiveness of Languages for Querying Property Graphs in Relational Databases | 2026 | PODS | 5.3942942e-05 |
| 9,794 | Raqlet: Cross-Paradigm Compilation for Recursive Queries | 2026 | CIDR | 5.1257999e-05 |
| 9,804 | Property Graph Standards: State of the Art & Open Challenges | 2025 | VLDB | 5.1257999e-05 |
| 10,817 | A Unified Query Planning Framework for Conjunctive Regular Path Queries | 2026 | VLDB | 4.9793485e-05 |
| 10,822 | Decisionhouse: Prescriptive Analytics in the Data Stack | 2026 | VLDB | 4.9793485e-05 |
| 10,879 | Computing Why-Provenance for Property Graph Queries | 2026 | VLDB | 4.9793485e-05 |
| 10,993 | cuRPQ+: A System for Interactive Path-Aware Querying Beyond Plain CRPQs | 2026 | VLDB | 4.9793485e-05 |
| 11,181 | Dangers of List Processing in Querying Property Graphs | 2025 | SIGMOD | 4.9793485e-05 |
| 11,428 | Versatile Property Graph Transformations | 2025 | VLDB | 4.9793485e-05 |
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 12 of 12 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank | Cited Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 297 | GraphLog: a Visual Formalism for Real Life Recursion | 1990 | PODS | 0.00021840374 |
| 305 | A Graphical Query Language Supporting Recursion | 1987 | SIGMOD | 0.0002159111 |
| 419 | Cypher: An Evolving Query Language for Property Graphs | 2018 | SIGMOD | 0.0001854669 |
| 719 | Querying Graph Databases | 2013 | PODS | 0.00014529156 |
| 1,468 | Expressive Languages for Path Queries over Graph-Structured Data | 2010 | PODS | 0.00010566509 |
| 1,494 | Graph Pattern Matching in GQL and SQL/PGQ | 2022 | SIGMOD | 0.00010502195 |
| 1,600 | SQLGraph: An Efficient Relational-Based Property Graph Store | 2015 | SIGMOD | 0.00010112271 |
| 3,147 | SQL Has Problems. We Can Fix Them: Pipe Syntax In SQL | 2024 | VLDB | 7.5951285e-05 |
| 3,578 | Aggregation Support for Modern Graph Analytics in TigerGraph | 2020 | SIGMOD | 7.1926749e-05 |
| 4,965 | GPC: A Pattern Calculus for Property Graphs | 2023 | PODS | 6.3360914e-05 |
| 5,233 | Implementation Strategies for Views over Property Graphs | 2024 | SIGMOD | 6.2176841e-05 |
| 5,239 | DuckPGQ: Bringing SQL/PGQ to DuckDB | 2023 | VLDB | 6.215736e-05 |
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| # | Overall Rank | Paper | Year | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9,357 | Expressive Languages for Querying the Semantic Web | 2014 | PODS |
| 2 | 9,611 | A Theory of Regular Queries | 2016 | PODS |
| 3 | 10,344 | Semantic Data Modeling, Graph Query, and SQL, Together at Last? | 2026 | CIDR |
| 4 | 1,482 | PG-Schema: Schemas for Property Graphs | 2023 | SIGMOD |
| 5 | 12,580 | Efficient Implementation of Generalized Quantification in Relational Query Languages | 2013 | VLDB |
| 6 | 719 | Querying Graph Databases | 2013 | PODS |
| 7 | 1,494 | Graph Pattern Matching in GQL and SQL/PGQ | 2022 | SIGMOD |
| 8 | 8,831 | Graph Data Models, Query Languages and Programming Paradigms | 2018 | VLDB |
| 9 | 4,965 | GPC: A Pattern Calculus for Property Graphs | 2023 | PODS |
| 10 | 8,069 | On the Expressiveness of Languages for Querying Property Graphs in Relational Databases | 2026 | PODS |