InferDB: In-Database Machine Learning Inference Using Indexes

Summary: Uses a discretizing embedding of selected features and an index mapping embedding cells to aggregated model outputs to approximate end-to-end ML inference inside the DB. Replaces preprocessing and model execution with a transform+lookup, cutting latency by orders of magnitude while retaining similar accuracy. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: h6437569345deb5e9
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2024
Pagerank: 6.2010954e-05
Overall Rank: 5,272 | 64.56%
DOI: 10.14778/3659437.3659441

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Ricardo Salazar-Díaz (Hasso Plattner Institute; University of Potsdam)
2. Boris Glavic (University of Illinois Chicago)
3. Tilmann Rabl (Hasso Plattner Institute; University of Potsdam)

BibTeX Citation

@article{salazardiaz_vldb24,
        title = {{InferDB: In-Database Machine Learning Inference Using Indexes}},
        author = {Salazar-Díaz, Ricardo and Glavic, Boris and Rabl, Tilmann},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '24},
        volume = {17},
        number = {8},
        pages = {1830--1842},
        doi = {10.14778/3659437.3659441},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3659437.3659441},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
8,385	NeurDB: On the Design and Implementation of an AI-powered Autonomous Database	2025	CIDR	5.3420959e-05
10,143	Does A Fish Need a Bicycle? The Case for On-Chip NPUs in DBMS	2026	CIDR	5.0715586e-05
10,446	Eliminating Redundant Feature Tests in Decision Tree and Random Forest Inference on SQL Predicates	2026	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
10,448	EncoderForge: Generating Efficient SQL for Encoders in Machine Learning Inference Pipelines	2026	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
10,498	ScaleDoc: Scaling LLM-based Predicates over Large Document Collections	2026	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
10,582	NeurStore: Efficient In-database Deep Learning Model Management System	2026	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
10,608	MorphingDB: A Task-Centric AI-Native DBMS for Model Management and Inference	2026	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
10,621	Beluga: A CXL-Based Memory Architecture for Scalable and Efficient LLM KVCache Management	2026	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05
10,876	ConRAD: Conformal Risk-Aware Neural Databases	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 8 of 8 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
415	SystemML: Declarative Machine Learning on Spark	2016	VLDB	0.0001865959
503	Towards a Unified Architecture for in-RDBMS Analytics	2012	SIGMOD	0.00017202276
1,006	Integrating Association Rule Mining with Relational Database Systems: Alternatives and Implications	1998	SIGMOD	0.00012573124
2,264	An Intermediate Representation for Optimizing Machine Learning Pipelines	2019	VLDB	8.7289107e-05
2,662	End-to-end Optimization of Machine Learning Prediction Queries	2022	SIGMOD	8.1596229e-05
4,095	Distributed Deep Learning on Data Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Approaches	2021	VLDB	6.8095767e-05
4,856	Neighbor-Sensitive Hashing	2016	VLDB	6.3798143e-05
5,776	The Tensor Data Platform: Towards an AI-centric Database System	2023	CIDR	5.9981216e-05

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2	2,182	Extending Relational Query Processing with ML Inference	2020	CIDR
3	10,448	EncoderForge: Generating Efficient SQL for Encoders in Machine Learning Inference Pipelines	2026	SIGMOD
4	5,911	On Efficient Approximate Queries over Machine Learning Models	2023	VLDB
5	11,008	iPDB: SQL with ML and LLM Predicates (Towards a Database Engine for AI)	2026	VLDB
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7	281	Accelerating Machine Learning Inference with Probabilistic Predicates	2018	SIGMOD
8	4,143	Hybrid In-Database Inference for Declarative Information Extraction	2011	SIGMOD
9	6,742	Mitigating the Impedance Mismatch between Prediction Query Execution and Database Engine	2025	SIGMOD
10	4,711	Learned Index Benefits: Machine Learning Based Index Performance Estimation	2022	VLDB