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Learned Index Benefits: Machine Learning Based Index Performance Estimation

Summary: An end-to-end learned estimator predicts candidate-index benefits without optimizer “what-if” plans, using operation-aware features and attention to model index interactions. Transfer learning enables cross-database adaptation, improving estimation speed/accuracy and downstream index recommendations. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h3318aca5db8907e7
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
6.4573842e-05
Overall Rank
4,711 | 68.33%
DOI
10.14778/3565838.3565848

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{shi_vldb22,
        title = {{Learned Index Benefits: Machine Learning Based Index Performance Estimation}},
        author = {Shi, Jiachen and Cong, Gao and Li, Xiao-Li},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '22},
        volume = {15},
        number = {13},
        pages = {3950--3962},
        doi = {10.14778/3565838.3565848},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3565838.3565848},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 15 of 15 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
6,105 Breaking It Down: An In-depth Study of Index Advisors 2024 VLDB 5.8860941e-05
6,863 Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training 2024 VLDB 5.6607844e-05
7,217 Refactoring Index Tuning Process with Benefit Estimation 2024 VLDB 5.5834823e-05
7,977 The Holon Approach for Simultaneously Tuning Multiple Components in a Self-Driving Database Management System with Machine Learning via Synthesized Proto-Actions 2024 VLDB 5.4142519e-05
8,771 Automatic Indexing in Oracle 2025 VLDB 5.2806451e-05
9,790 Wii: Dynamic Budget Reallocation In Index Tuning 2024 SIGMOD 5.1260323e-05
10,143 Does A Fish Need a Bicycle? The Case for On-Chip NPUs in DBMS 2026 CIDR 5.0715586e-05
10,290 This is Going to Sound Crazy, But What If We Used Large Language Models to Boost Automatic Database Tuning Algorithms By Leveraging Prior History? We Will Find Better Configurations More Quickly Than Retraining From Scratch! 2026 SIGMOD 5.0431863e-05
10,412 Are Learned DBMS Components Robust to Workload Drift?: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,532 Rainbow: Risk-aware Index Benefit Estimation Facing Out Of Distribution Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,604 Understanding and Detecting Query Performance Regression in Practical Index Tuning: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,681 RIB: Robust Learning-based Index Benefit Estimation 2026 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
10,924 TATA: An Efficient Framework for Task Transfer in Query Plan Representation 2026 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
11,192 PLM4NDV: Minimizing Data Access for Number of Distinct Values Estimation with Pre-trained Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
11,224 Esc: An Early-Stopping Checker for Budget-aware Index Tuning 2025 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 19 of 19 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
15 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00061066921
85 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035864347
145 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.0002908188
187 DB2 Design Advisor: Integrated Automatic Physical Database Design 2004 VLDB 0.0002592488
362 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019989474
378 AutoAdmin "What-if" Index Analysis Utility 1998 SIGMOD 0.00019549382
461 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.00017829982
479 The Making of TPC-DS 2006 VLDB 0.00017622471
560 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.00016403151
682 Robust Estimation of Resource Consumption for SQL Queries using Statistical Techniques 2012 VLDB 0.0001481781
1,257 Sampling-Based Query Re-Optimization 2016 SIGMOD 0.00011310561
1,279 AI Meets AI: Leveraging Query Executions to Improve Index Recommendations 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011226878
1,397 Magic mirror in my hand, which is the best in the land? An Experimental Evaluation of Index Selection Algorithms 2020 VLDB 0.00010789242
1,516 Automatically Indexing Millions of Databases in Microsoft Azure SQL Database 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010402594
1,815 CoPhy: A Scalable, Portable, and Interactive Index Advisor for Large Workloads 2011 VLDB 9.5791737e-05
2,023 Efficient Use of the Query Optimizer for Automated Physical Design 2007 VLDB 9.1669658e-05
2,891 Query Optimizers: Time to Rethink the Contract? 2009 SIGMOD 7.9021718e-05
3,844 Database Tuning Advisor for Microsoft SQL Server 2005: Demo 2005 SIGMOD 6.9871379e-05
4,607 Index Interactions in Physical Design Tuning: Modeling, Analysis, and Applications 2009 VLDB 6.5037336e-05
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