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RDF-3X: a RISC-style Engine for RDF

Summary: RDF-3X: a RISC-style RDF engine with puristic data structures that eliminates physical-design tuning. Fast merge-joins plus a synopses-based optimizer pick join orders for large datasets (50M+ triples) to boost SPARQL performance. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h6ed8f07d12f48589
Venue
VLDB
Year
2008
Pagerank
0.00012867202
Overall Rank
954 | 93.59%
DOI
10.14778/1453856.1453927

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{neumann_vldb08,
        title = {{RDF-3X: a RISC-style Engine for RDF}},
        author = {Neumann, Thomas and Weikum, Gerhard},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '08},
        volume = {1},
        number = {1},
        pages = {647--659},
        doi = {10.14778/1453856.1453927},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/1453856.1453927},
        year = {2008}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 30 of 30 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046284649
779 FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure 2019 SIGMOD 0.00014030069
1,410 A Distributed Graph Engine for Web Scale RDF Data 2013 VLDB 0.00010742208
1,600 SQLGraph: An Efficient Relational-Based Property Graph Store 2015 SIGMOD 0.00010112271
1,804 gStore: Answering SPARQL Queries via Subgraph Matching 2011 VLDB 9.6025094e-05
2,026 Scalable Join Processing on Very Large RDF Graphs 2009 SIGMOD 9.1624074e-05
2,211 TurboFlux: A Fast Continuous Subgraph Matching System for Streaming Graph Data 2018 SIGMOD 8.8237249e-05
2,721 x-RDF-3X: Fast Querying, High Update Rates, and Consistency for RDF Databases 2010 VLDB 8.0964644e-05
2,824 G-CARE: A Framework for Performance Benchmarking of Cardinality Estimation Techniques for Subgraph Matching 2020 SIGMOD 7.9698957e-05
2,974 Accurate Summary-based Cardinality Estimation Through the Lens of Cardinality Estimation Graphs 2022 VLDB 7.7938744e-05
3,268 Apples and Oranges: A Comparison of RDF Benchmarks and Real RDF Datasets 2011 SIGMOD 7.4761314e-05
5,160 Are You Sure You Want to Use MMAP in Your Database Management System? 2022 CIDR 6.2482143e-05
5,290 How to Build Templates for RDF Question/Answering —An Uncertain Graph Similarity Join Approach 2015 SIGMOD 6.1937978e-05
5,426 Active Knowledge: Dynamically Enriching RDF Knowledge Bases by Web Services 2010 SIGMOD 6.1342038e-05
6,104 From Information to Knowledge: Harvesting Entities and Relationships from Web Sources 2010 PODS 5.886265e-05
6,713 G-SQL: Fast Query Processing via Graph Exploration 2016 VLDB 5.7002243e-05
8,313 View Selection in Semantic Web Databases 2012 VLDB 5.3571595e-05
8,432 A Demonstration of MAGiQ: Matrix Algebra Approach for Solving RDF Graph Queries 2018 VLDB 5.3350162e-05
8,628 Inferray: fast in-memory RDF inference 2016 VLDB 5.2995392e-05
8,735 RBench: Application-Specific RDF Benchmarking 2015 SIGMOD 5.2905469e-05
9,097 Efficient Query Answering in Probabilistic RDF Graphs 2011 SIGMOD 5.2283159e-05
9,323 Semantic SPARQL Similarity Search Over RDF Knowledge Graphs 2016 VLDB 5.1942311e-05
9,553 Engineering High-Performance Database Engines 2014 VLDB 5.1585591e-05
10,057 SPACE: Cardinality Estimation for Path Queries Using Cardinality-Aware Sequence-based Learning 2025 SIGMOD 5.0875952e-05
10,247 Top-k Relevant Semantic Place Retrieval on Spatial RDF Data 2016 SIGMOD 5.0525742e-05
12,243 Stylus: A Strongly-Typed Store for Serving Massive RDF Data 2018 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,423 Evaluating SPARQL Queries on Massive RDF Datasets 2015 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,473 An Effective Encoding Scheme for Spatial RDF Data 2014 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
12,657 Schema-As-You-Go: On Probabilistic Tagging and Querying of Wide Tables 2011 SIGMOD 4.9793485e-05
12,820 ANGIE: Active Knowledge for Interactive Exploration 2009 VLDB 4.9793485e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 13 of 13 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0023947656
376 Scalable Semantic Web Data Management Using Vertical Partitioning 2007 VLDB 0.00019626699
604 Rethinking Database System Architecture: Towards a Self-tuning RISC-style Database System 2000 VLDB 0.0001566686
724 Fundamental Techniques for Order Optimization 1996 SIGMOD 0.00014477566
882 An Efficient SQL-based RDF Querying Scheme 2005 VLDB 0.0001327793
1,114 Principles of Dataspace Systems 2006 PODS 0.00011964697
1,301 Analysis of Two Existing and One New Dynamic Programming Algorithm for the Generation of Optimal Bushy Join Trees without Cross Products 2006 VLDB 0.00011112842
1,726 Optimal Top-Down Join Enumeration 2007 SIGMOD 9.788916e-05
2,476 One Size Fits All? – Part 2: Benchmarking Results 2007 CIDR 8.409729e-05
3,042 Fast, Randomized Join-Order Selection—Why Use Transformations? 1994 VLDB 7.7213044e-05
3,720 Bypassing Joins in Disjunctive Queries 1995 VLDB 7.0715239e-05
4,295 The Case for a Wide-Table Approach to Manage Sparse Relational Data Sets 2007 SIGMOD 6.6809755e-05
4,700 A Performance Evaluation of OID Mapping Techniques 1995 VLDB 6.4631948e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 5,844 Graph-Aware, Workload-Adaptive SPARQL Query Caching 2015 SIGMOD
2 7,518 A Survey and Experimental Comparison of Distributed SPARQL Engines for Very Large RDF Data 2017 VLDB
3 12,473 An Effective Encoding Scheme for Spatial RDF Data 2014 VLDB
4 511 Scalable SPARQL Querying of Large RDF Graphs 2011 VLDB
5 2,097 TripleBit: a Fast and Compact System for Large Scale RDF Data 2013 VLDB
6 9,553 Engineering High-Performance Database Engines 2014 VLDB
7 882 An Efficient SQL-based RDF Querying Scheme 2005 VLDB
8 2,026 Scalable Join Processing on Very Large RDF Graphs 2009 SIGMOD
9 1,410 A Distributed Graph Engine for Web Scale RDF Data 2013 VLDB
10 2,721 x-RDF-3X: Fast Querying, High Update Rates, and Consistency for RDF Databases 2010 VLDB