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Generalized Search Trees for Database Systems (Extended Abstract)

Summary: GiST is an extensible search-tree framework supporting type-specific predicates beyond equality/range queries. A single implementation subsumes B+-trees, R-trees, and RD-trees, enabling database-wide index extensibility. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h8594fb34cba84cf0
Venue
VLDB
Year
1995
Pagerank
0.00024976482
Overall Rank
207 | 98.62%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{hellerstein_vldb95,
        title = {{Generalized Search Trees for Database Systems (Extended Abstract)}},
        author = {Hellerstein, Joseph M. and Naughton, Jeffrey F. and Pfeffer, Avi},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '95},
        pages = {562--573},
        year = {1995}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 50 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
56 M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 1997 VLDB 0.00040363819
351 Indexing and Querying XML Data for Regular Path Expressions 2001 VLDB 0.00020241971
376 Scalable Semantic Web Data Management Using Vertical Partitioning 2007 VLDB 0.0001961765
574 Indexing the Positions of Continuously Moving Objects 2000 SIGMOD 0.00016165512
727 Serializable Snapshot Isolation in PostgreSQL 2012 VLDB 0.00014456009
918 Accelerating XPath Location Steps 2002 SIGMOD 0.00013078274
982 Lazy-Adaptive Tree: An Optimized Index Structure for Flash Devices 2009 VLDB 0.00012712097
1,071 Warping Indexes with Envelope Transforms for Query by Humming 2003 SIGMOD 0.00012169176
1,129 Managing Intervals Efficiently in Object-Relational Databases 2000 VLDB 0.00011899744
1,529 On the Analysis of Indexing Schemes 1997 PODS 0.00010346523
1,531 Column Imprints: A Secondary Index Structure 2013 SIGMOD 0.00010344951
1,606 The Data Calculator*: Data Structure Design and Cost Synthesis from First Principles and Learned Cost Models 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010091937
1,891 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 9.4233024e-05
1,957 A Generic Approach to Bulk Loading Multidimensional Index Structures 1997 VLDB 9.3126922e-05
2,077 A Cost Model for Similarity Queries in Metric Spaces 1998 PODS 9.0758123e-05
2,199 Integrating the UB-Tree into a Database System Kernel 2000 VLDB 8.8732148e-05
2,265 Concurrency and Recovery in Generalized Search Trees 1997 SIGMOD 8.7267108e-05
3,035 A Revised R*-tree in Comparison with Related Index Structures 2009 SIGMOD 7.7296096e-05
3,088 On Parallel Processing of Aggregate and Scalar Functions in Object-Relational DBMS 1998 SIGMOD 7.6593918e-05
3,296 Lightning Fast and Space Efficient Inequality Joins 2015 VLDB 7.444648e-05
3,522 Continuous K-Nearest Neighbor Queries for Continuously Moving Points with Updates 2003 VLDB 7.2315814e-05
3,640 TASTI: Semantic Indexes for Machine Learning-based Queries over Unstructured Data 2022 SIGMOD 7.1410511e-05
3,856 Making Updates Disk-I/O Friendly Using SSDs 2013 VLDB 6.9663383e-05
4,061 Tight bounds for 2-dimensional indexing schemes 1998 PODS 6.8218692e-05
4,837 A Lower Bound Theorem for Indexing Schemes and its Application to Multidimensional Range Queries 1998 PODS 6.3852778e-05
5,147 Conjunctive Queries with Inequalities Under Updates 2018 VLDB 6.2536517e-05
5,286 High-Performance Extensible Indexing 1999 VLDB 6.196093e-05
5,608 Extensible Optimization in Overlay Dissemination Trees 2006 SIGMOD 6.0666142e-05
5,965 Spatial Indexing in Microsoft SQL Server 2008 2008 SIGMOD 5.9302348e-05
6,019 Ganos: A Multidimensional, Dynamic, and Scene-Oriented Cloud-Native Spatial Database Engine 2022 VLDB 5.9101772e-05
6,081 From Auto-tuning One Size Fits All to Self-designed and Learned Data-intensive Systems 2019 SIGMOD 5.8897947e-05
6,176 Helios: Hyperscale Indexing for the Cloud & Edge 2020 VLDB 5.8585082e-05
6,250 RC-Index: Diversifying Answers to Range Queries 2018 VLDB 5.8333139e-05
6,512 javax.XXL: A Prototype for a Library of Query Processing Algorithms 2000 SIGMOD 5.757213e-05
7,184 Anarchy in the Database: A Survey and Evaluation of Database Management System Extensibility 2025 VLDB 5.5895021e-05
7,619 amdb: An Access Method Debugging Tool 1998 SIGMOD 5.4813746e-05
7,714 The next 50 Years in Database Indexing or: The Case for Automatically Generated Index Structures 2022 VLDB 5.4699237e-05
7,841 Efficient Concurrency Control in Multidimensional Access Methods 1999 SIGMOD 5.4409195e-05
8,117 Efficient and Tunable Similar Set Retrieval 2001 SIGMOD 5.3917406e-05
8,164 ScalaGiST: Scalable Generalized Search Trees for MapReduce Systems [Innovative Systems Paper] 2014 VLDB 5.3850352e-05
8,763 Maintenance of Spatial Semijoin Queries on Moving Points 2004 VLDB 5.2820186e-05
8,862 Rapidash: Efficient Detection of Constraint Violations 2024 VLDB 5.2616231e-05
9,159 Towards Systematic Index Dynamization 2024 VLDB 5.2161634e-05
9,533 R-Tree Based Indexing of Now-Relative Bitemporal Data 1998 VLDB 5.1643871e-05
10,500 On Self-Designing Learned Indexes 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
12,060 On the I/O Complexity of the k-Nearest Neighbors Problem 2020 PODS 4.9769913e-05
12,501 YZStack: Provisioning Customizable Solution for Big Data 2014 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
12,585 QuEval: Beyond high-dimensional indexing à la carte 2013 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
12,717 Load-Balanced Query Dissemination in Privacy-Aware Online Communities 2010 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
12,901 Towards Efficient Main-Memory Use For Optimum Tree Index Update 2008 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 14 of 14 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.0019923528
4 The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles 1990 SIGMOD 0.0011402175
8 The K-D-B-Tree: A Search Structure for Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes 1981 SIGMOD 0.00081200096
44 The R+-Tree: A Dynamic Multi-Dimensional Index for Objects 1987 VLDB 0.00045319457
90 The X-tree: An Index Structure for High-Dimensional Data 1996 VLDB 0.00034847854
125 Predicate Migration: Optimizing Queries with Expensive Predicates 1993 SIGMOD 0.00030462671
302 Shoring Up Persistent Applications 1994 SIGMOD 0.00021664369
363 Linear Clustering of Objects with Multiple Attributes 1990 SIGMOD 0.00019980483
527 Multi-Step Processing of Spatial Joins 1994 SIGMOD 0.00016874202
1,142 Beyond Uniformity and Independence : Analysis of R-trees Using the Concept of Fractal Dimension 1994 PODS 0.00011843746
1,404 Towards an Analysis of Range Query Performance in Spatial Data Structures 1993 PODS 0.00010762824
3,113 High-Concurrency Locking in R-Trees 1995 VLDB 7.633977e-05
3,346 Topological Relations in the World of Minimum Bounding Rectangles: A Study with R-trees 1995 SIGMOD 7.3899839e-05
6,147 V-Trees - A Storage Method for Long Vector Data 1994 VLDB 5.8690085e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 7,841 Efficient Concurrency Control in Multidimensional Access Methods 1999 SIGMOD
2 6,585 Indexing Multiple Sets 1994 VLDB
3 3,035 A Revised R*-tree in Comparison with Related Index Structures 2009 SIGMOD
4 8,865 Adaptive Index Structures 2002 VLDB
5 4,367 An Evaluation of Generic Bulk Loading Techniques 2001 VLDB
6 2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD
7 8,164 ScalaGiST: Scalable Generalized Search Trees for MapReduce Systems [Innovative Systems Paper] 2014 VLDB
8 1,902 ViST: A Dynamic Index Method for Querying XML Data by Tree Structures 2003 SIGMOD
9 5,286 High-Performance Extensible Indexing 1999 VLDB
10 2,265 Concurrency and Recovery in Generalized Search Trees 1997 SIGMOD