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The next 50 Years in Database Indexing or: The Case for Automatically Generated Index Structures

Summary: GENE: a generic genetic index generation framework that automatically breeds index structures from building blocks, invariants, and layouts. Given a workload, it can assemble and mutate indices, potentially matching or surpassing handcrafted designs and reframing indexing as automatic, data-driven design. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h659142162ca00d7d
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
5.4699237e-05
Overall Rank
7,714 | 48.16%
DOI
10.14778/3494124.3494136
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{dittrich_vldb22,
        title = {{The next 50 Years in Database Indexing or: The Case for Automatically Generated Index Structures}},
        author = {Dittrich, Jens and Nix, Joris and Schön, Christian},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '22},
        volume = {15},
        number = {3},
        pages = {527--540},
        doi = {10.14778/3494124.3494136},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3494124.3494136},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 5 of 5 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
3,621 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 7.1510804e-05
9,159 Towards Systematic Index Dynamization 2024 VLDB 5.2161634e-05
10,500 On Self-Designing Learned Indexes 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,842 ReSequel: Robust LLM-assisted Query Rewriting and Optimization using Templatization and Sampling 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,561 Breathing New Life into An Old Tree: Resolving Logging Dilemma of B+-tree on Modern Computational Storage Drives 2024 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 23 of 23 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0023943337
40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046363107
68 Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory 2000 SIGMOD 0.00037957995
206 Cache Conscious Indexing for Decision-Support in Main Memory 1999 VLDB 0.00024981343
207 Generalized Search Trees for Database Systems (Extended Abstract) 1995 VLDB 0.00024976482
252 Database Cracking 2007 CIDR 0.00023101361
277 FAST: Fast Architecture Sensitive Tree Search on Modern CPUs and GPUs 2010 SIGMOD 0.00022320139
422 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018488849
458 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00017880664
577 The GMAP: A Versatile Tool for Physical Data Independence 1994 VLDB 0.00016111779
835 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00013575971
1,212 A Seven-Dimensional Analysis of Hashing Methods and its Implications on Query Processing 2016 VLDB 0.00011521857
1,396 Magic mirror in my hand, which is the best in the land? An Experimental Evaluation of Index Selection Algorithms 2020 VLDB 0.00010788714
1,606 The Data Calculator*: Data Structure Design and Cost Synthesis from First Principles and Learned Cost Models 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010091937
1,891 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 9.4233024e-05
1,957 A Generic Approach to Bulk Loading Multidimensional Index Structures 1997 VLDB 9.3126922e-05
2,265 Concurrency and Recovery in Generalized Search Trees 1997 SIGMOD 8.7267108e-05
2,384 The Uncracked Pieces in Database Cracking 2014 VLDB 8.5401256e-05
3,023 XXL - A Library Approach to Supporting Efficient Implementations of Advanced Database Queries 2001 VLDB 7.7380989e-05
4,115 A genetic approach for random testing of database systems 2007 VLDB 6.7953368e-05
4,367 An Evaluation of Generic Bulk Loading Techniques 2001 VLDB 6.6312601e-05
4,715 Hist-Tree: Those Who Ignore It Are Doomed to Learn 2021 CIDR 6.4537149e-05
7,031 The Case for Deep Query Optimisation 2020 CIDR 5.6148219e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 1,957 A Generic Approach to Bulk Loading Multidimensional Index Structures 1997 VLDB
2 3,621 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB
3 8,494 Index Research: Forest or Trees? 2000 SIGMOD
4 951 Algorithms for Creating Indexes for Very Large Tables Without Quiescing Updates 1992 SIGMOD
5 835 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB
6 6,454 Just-In-Time Data Structures 2015 CIDR
7 9,159 Towards Systematic Index Dynamization 2024 VLDB
8 4,367 An Evaluation of Generic Bulk Loading Techniques 2001 VLDB
9 8,865 Adaptive Index Structures 2002 VLDB
10 40 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD