DBScholar

Back to papers

M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces

Summary: Introduces the balanced M-tree, a disk-based index for generic metric spaces using only distance functions satisfying the metric axioms. Supports range and k-NN search, with experiments showing scalability and practical performance beyond vector-space indexing. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h55aa6aa8458741b6
Venue
VLDB
Year
1997
Pagerank
0.00040370171
Overall Rank
56 | 99.63%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{ciaccia_vldb97,
        title = {{M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces}},
        author = {Ciaccia, Paolo and Patella, Marco and Zezula, Pavel},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '97},
        pages = {426--435},
        year = {1997}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 99 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
45 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.0004503446
161 Robust and Efficient Fuzzy Match for Online Data Cleaning 2003 SIGMOD 0.00027718195
300 OPTICS: Ordering Points To Identify the Clustering Structure 1999 SIGMOD 0.00021810545
306 On The Marriage of Lp-norms and Edit Distance 2004 VLDB 0.00021575844
650 HD-Index: Pushing the Scalability-Accuracy Boundary for Approximate kNN Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2018 VLDB 0.00015149775
677 Voronoi-Based K Nearest Neighbor Search for Spatial Network Databases 2004 VLDB 0.00014843441
804 RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 0.00013832333
826 Optimal Multi-Step k-Nearest Neighbor Search 1998 SIGMOD 0.0001363793
1,446 LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010629222
1,480 Distance-based Outlier Detection in Data Streams 2016 VLDB 0.00010540994
1,601 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010103316
1,625 Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2023 VLDB 0.0001004502
1,945 Incremental Clustering for Mining in a Data Warehousing Environment 1998 VLDB 9.3257256e-05
2,021 Distributed Trajectory Similarity Search 2017 VLDB 9.1719539e-05
2,079 A Cost Model for Similarity Queries in Metric Spaces 1998 PODS 9.0775779e-05
2,220 String Similarity Joins: An Experimental Evaluation 2014 VLDB 8.8146984e-05
2,265 ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science 2023 VLDB 8.7238222e-05
2,448 DeltaPQ: Lossless Product Quantization Code Compression for High Dimensional Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.4494625e-05
2,536 STRG-Index: Spatio-Temporal Region Graph Indexing for Large Video Databases 2005 SIGMOD 8.3321989e-05
2,547 NETS: Extremely Fast Outlier Detection from a Data Stream via Set-Based Processing 2019 VLDB 8.3160201e-05
2,561 Answering Top-k Queries Using Views 2006 VLDB 8.2977193e-05
2,683 Identifying Similarities, Periodicities and Bursts for Online Search Queries 2004 SIGMOD 8.1393112e-05
2,726 iRangeGraph: Improvising Range-dedicated Graphs for Range-filtering Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 8.0904995e-05
2,730 Return of the Lernaean Hydra: Experimental Evaluation of Data Series Approximate Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.0861221e-05
2,747 Approximate XML Joins 2002 SIGMOD 8.0614566e-05
2,821 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.9711961e-05
2,872 The Lernaean Hydra of Data Series Similarity Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State of the Art 2019 VLDB 7.9228762e-05
2,907 Real-Time Distance-Based Outlier Detection in Data Streams 2021 VLDB 7.8769563e-05
3,016 Indexing the Distance: An Efficient Method to KNN Processing 2001 VLDB 7.7483267e-05
3,230 Similarity Query Processing for High-Dimensional Data 2020 VLDB 7.5056037e-05
3,255 Efficient Exact Edit Similarity Query Processing with the Asymmetric Signature Scheme 2011 SIGMOD 7.4890984e-05
3,385 SymphonyQG: Towards Symphonious Integration of Quantization and Graph for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.3548612e-05
3,650 TASTI: Semantic Indexes for Machine Learning-based Queries over Unstructured Data 2022 SIGMOD 7.1341771e-05
3,774 Efficient Reverse k-Nearest Neighbor Search in Arbitrary Metric Spaces 2006 SIGMOD 7.0277477e-05
3,910 FALCON: Feedback Adaptive Loop for Content-Based Retrieval 2000 VLDB 6.9310405e-05
3,946 Continuous Outlier Detection in Data Streams: An Extensible Framework and State-Of-The-Art Algorithms 2013 SIGMOD 6.9083867e-05
4,082 Learning User Preferences By Adaptive Pairwise Comparison 2015 VLDB 6.8176001e-05
4,151 Inter-Media Hashing for Large-scale Retrieval from Heterogeneous Data Sources 2013 SIGMOD 6.776727e-05
4,364 An Evaluation of Generic Bulk Loading Techniques 2001 VLDB 6.6343719e-05
4,639 Pivot-based Metric Indexing 2017 VLDB 6.4903275e-05
5,011 Fast Large-Scale Trajectory Clustering 2020 VLDB 6.3148258e-05
5,165 FeedbackBypass: A New Approach to Interactive Similarity Query Processing 2001 VLDB 6.2463919e-05
5,270 Online Event-driven Subsequence Matching over Financial Data Streams 2004 SIGMOD 6.2013771e-05
5,275 Top-k Nearest Neighbor Search In Uncertain Data Series 2015 VLDB 6.2005202e-05
5,313 Hercules Against Data Series Similarity Search 2022 VLDB 6.1846986e-05
5,411 GTS: GPU-based Tree Index for Fast Similarity Search 2024 SIGMOD 6.1408042e-05
5,444 Pigeonring: A Principle for Faster Thresholded Similarity Search 2019 VLDB 6.1268526e-05
5,527 DET-LSH: A Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme with Dynamic Encoding Tree for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 VLDB 6.0936219e-05
6,181 High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search: From Time Series to Deep Network Embeddings 2020 SIGMOD 5.8595125e-05
6,239 Efficient Data-aware Distance Comparison Operations for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.8382662e-05
Previous Page 1 / 2 Next

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.001992968
4 The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles 1990 SIGMOD 0.0011405675
28 Nearest Neighbor Queries 1995 SIGMOD 0.00051312804
42 Fast Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 1994 SIGMOD 0.00045773967
90 The X-tree: An Index Structure for High-Dimensional Data 1996 VLDB 0.00034860244
206 Generalized Search Trees for Database Systems (Extended Abstract) 1995 VLDB 0.00024986675
488 FastMap: A Fast Algorithm for Indexing, Data-Mining and Visualization of Traditional and Multimedia Datasets 1995 SIGMOD 0.00017457851
597 Distance-Based Indexing For High-Dimensional Metric Spaces 1997 SIGMOD 0.00015766567
802 Near Neighbor Search in Large Metric Spaces 1995 VLDB 0.00013847746
1,407 Content-Based Image Indexing 1994 VLDB 0.00010749393
Previous Page 1 / 1 Next

Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 7,086 Indexing for Subtree Similarity-Search using Edit Distance 2013 SIGMOD
2 2,405 Multidimensional Access Methods: Trees Have Grown Everywhere 1997 VLDB
3 8,566 Similarity Search for Adaptive Ellipsoid Queries Using Spatial Transformation 2001 VLDB
4 1,793 The A-tree: An Index Structure for High-Dimensional Spaces Using Relative Approximation 2000 VLDB
5 10,656 LM-Tree: A Hybrid Learned Index for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 2026 SIGMOD
6 3,108 Similarity Evaluation on Tree-structured Data 2005 SIGMOD
7 9,400 Adaptive Indexing in High-Dimensional Metric Spaces 2023 VLDB
8 802 Near Neighbor Search in Large Metric Spaces 1995 VLDB
9 597 Distance-Based Indexing For High-Dimensional Metric Spaces 1997 SIGMOD
10 2,079 A Cost Model for Similarity Queries in Metric Spaces 1998 PODS