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FoundationDB: A Distributed Unbundled Transactional Key Value Store

Summary: Unbundled distributed KV store: separate in-memory txn mgmt, storage, and config for scalable ACID transactions. A deterministic fault-simulation framework enables rapid testing; its minimal feature set supports diverse layers atop FoundationDB (docs, graphs, semi-relational), powering Apple/Snowflake deployments. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h9e2e688f976c0e71
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2021
Pagerank
9.0619382e-05
Overall Rank
2,090 | 85.96%
DOI
10.1145/3448016.3457559

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{zhou_sigmod21,
        title = {{FoundationDB: A Distributed Unbundled Transactional Key Value Store}},
        author = {Zhou, Jingyu and Xu, Meng and Shraer, Alexander and Namasivayam, Bala and Miller, Alex and Tschannen, Evan and Atherton, Steve and Beamon, Andrew J. and Sears, Rusty and Leach, John and Rosenthal, Dave and Dong, Xin and Wilson, Will and Collins, Ben and Scherer, David and Grieser, Alec and Liu, Young and Moore, Alvin and Muppana, Bhaskar and Su, Xiaoge and Yadav, Vishesh},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '21},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3448016.3457559},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3448016.3457559},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 23 of 23 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5,806 Cornus: Atomic Commit for a Cloud DBMS with Storage Disaggregation 2023 VLDB 5.9858027e-05
6,001 Fine-Grained Re-Execution for Efficient Batched Commit of Distributed Transactions 2023 VLDB 5.9157168e-05
6,098 PALF: Replicated Write-Ahead Logging for Distributed Databases 2024 VLDB 5.8854897e-05
6,498 Operon: An Encrypted Database for Ownership-Preserving Data Management 2022 VLDB 5.7630754e-05
7,052 Polaris: Enabling Transaction Priority in Optimistic Concurrency Control 2023 SIGMOD 5.6105536e-05
7,223 Two Birds With One Stone: Designing a Hybrid Cloud Storage Engine for HTAP 2024 VLDB 5.5801574e-05
7,270 What's the Difference? Incremental Processing with Change Queries in Snowflake 2023 SIGMOD 5.5671818e-05
7,833 TDSQL: Tencent Distributed Database System 2024 VLDB 5.441313e-05
8,872 Transactions Make Debugging Easy 2023 CIDR 5.2597749e-05
9,142 The Five-Minute Rule for the Cloud: Caching in Analytics Systems 2025 CIDR 5.2206565e-05
9,690 The HANA Native Query Engine for Lakehouse Systems 2025 VLDB 5.1399285e-05
10,233 TreeCat: Standalone Catalog Engine for Large Data Systems 2025 VLDB 5.0547568e-05
10,461 Epoch-based Optimistic Concurrency Control in Geo-replicated Databases 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,539 Marlin: Efficient Coordination for Autoscaling Cloud DBMS 2026 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
10,773 Swan: Hybrid MVCC Management for Efficient Transaction Processing in LSM-Tree-Based Key-Value Stores 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,843 BtrLog: Low-Latency Logging for Cloud Database Systems 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,912 K2+: A Multi-Region OLTP Database with Disaggregated Storage for High Availability and Strong Consistency 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
10,942 SOS: A High-Performance Distributed Key-Value Store for Large-Scale Online Services 2026 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,296 Concurrency Control as a Service 2025 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,382 FDBKeeper: Enabling Scalable Coordination Services for Metadata Management using Distributed Key-Value Databases 2025 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,624 Native Distributed Databases: Problems, Challenges and Opportunities 2024 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,772 R3: Record-Replay-Retroaction for Database-Backed Applications 2023 VLDB 4.9769913e-05
11,999 QuiCK: A Queuing System in CloudKit 2021 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 21 of 21 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
35 Hekaton: SQL Server’s Memory-Optimized OLTP Engine 2013 SIGMOD 0.00047996489
47 PNUTS: Yahoo!'s Hosted Data Serving Platform 2008 VLDB 0.00044047047
55 Calvin: Fast Distributed Transactions for Partitioned Database Systems 2012 SIGMOD 0.00040454492
63 Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases 2017 SIGMOD 0.00038521221
70 The End of an Architectural Era (It’s Time for a Complete Rewrite) 2007 VLDB 0.00037851432
185 CockroachDB: The Resilient Geo-Distributed SQL Database 2020 SIGMOD 0.00026060465
365 Hyder - A Transactional Record Manager for Shared Flash 2011 CIDR 0.00019935521
383 Massive Stochastic Testing of SQL 1998 VLDB 0.00019474868
993 Unbundling Transaction Services in the Cloud 2009 CIDR 0.00012633413
1,218 PolarFS: An Ultra-low Latency and Failure Resilient Distributed File System for Shared Storage Cloud Database 2018 VLDB 0.00011484231
1,425 Amazon Aurora: On Avoiding Distributed Consensus for I/Os, Commits, and Membership Changes 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010709627
1,437 Write-Behind Logging 2017 VLDB 0.00010651307
1,583 On the Design and Scalability of Distributed Shared-Data Databases 2015 SIGMOD 0.00010165157
2,599 Locking Key Ranges with Unbundled Transaction Services 2009 VLDB 8.2361319e-05
2,911 Deuteronomy: Transaction Support for Cloud Data 2011 CIDR 7.8685228e-05
3,124 Analytics in Motion: High Performance Event-Processing AND Real-Time Analytics in the Same Database 2015 SIGMOD 7.6222513e-05
4,115 A genetic approach for random testing of database systems 2007 VLDB 6.7953368e-05
6,112 Taking Omid to the Clouds: Fast, Scalable Transactions for Real-Time Cloud Analytics 2018 VLDB 5.8803237e-05
7,417 FoundationDB Record Layer: A Multi-Tenant Structured Datastore 2019 SIGMOD 5.5306924e-05
11,999 QuiCK: A Queuing System in CloudKit 2021 SIGMOD 4.9769913e-05
13,846 CloudKit: Structured Storage for Mobile Applications 2018 VLDB -
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