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FoundationDB: A Distributed Unbundled Transactional Key Value Store

Summary: Unbundled distributed KV store: separate in-memory txn mgmt, storage, and config for scalable ACID transactions. A deterministic fault-simulation framework enables rapid testing; its minimal feature set supports diverse layers atop FoundationDB (docs, graphs, semi-relational), powering Apple/Snowflake deployments. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
h9e2e688f976c0e71
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2021
Pagerank
9.0326999e-05
Overall Rank
2,098 | 85.94%
DOI
10.1145/3448016.3457559

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{zhou_sigmod21,
        title = {{FoundationDB: A Distributed Unbundled Transactional Key Value Store}},
        author = {Zhou, Jingyu and Xu, Meng and Shraer, Alexander and Namasivayam, Bala and Miller, Alex and Tschannen, Evan and Atherton, Steve and Beamon, Andrew J. and Sears, Rusty and Leach, John and Rosenthal, Dave and Dong, Xin and Wilson, Will and Collins, Ben and Scherer, David and Grieser, Alec and Liu, Young and Moore, Alvin and Muppana, Bhaskar and Su, Xiaoge and Yadav, Vishesh},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '21},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3448016.3457559},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3448016.3457559},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 23 of 23 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5,821 Cornus: Atomic Commit for a Cloud DBMS with Storage Disaggregation 2023 VLDB 5.9660099e-05
6,012 Fine-Grained Re-Execution for Efficient Batched Commit of Distributed Transactions 2023 VLDB 5.8964082e-05
6,114 PALF: Replicated Write-Ahead Logging for Distributed Databases 2024 VLDB 5.8660286e-05
6,512 Operon: An Encrypted Database for Ownership-Preserving Data Management 2022 VLDB 5.7440191e-05
6,994 Two Birds With One Stone: Designing a Hybrid Cloud Storage Engine for HTAP 2024 VLDB 5.6094434e-05
7,059 Polaris: Enabling Transaction Priority in Optimistic Concurrency Control 2023 SIGMOD 5.5942509e-05
7,289 What's the Difference? Incremental Processing with Change Queries in Snowflake 2023 SIGMOD 5.5487732e-05
7,850 TDSQL: Tencent Distributed Database System 2024 VLDB 5.4233206e-05
8,890 Transactions Make Debugging Easy 2023 CIDR 5.2423828e-05
9,165 The Five-Minute Rule for the Cloud: Caching in Analytics Systems 2025 CIDR 5.2033937e-05
9,719 The HANA Native Query Engine for Lakehouse Systems 2025 VLDB 5.1229327e-05
10,263 TreeCat: Standalone Catalog Engine for Large Data Systems 2025 VLDB 5.0380426e-05
10,527 Epoch-based Optimistic Concurrency Control in Geo-replicated Databases 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,605 Marlin: Efficient Coordination for Autoscaling Cloud DBMS 2026 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
10,834 Swan: Hybrid MVCC Management for Efficient Transaction Processing in LSM-Tree-Based Key-Value Stores 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,904 BtrLog: Low-Latency Logging for Cloud Database Systems 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
10,973 K2+: A Multi-Region OLTP Database with Disaggregated Storage for High Availability and Strong Consistency 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,003 SOS: A High-Performance Distributed Key-Value Store for Large-Scale Online Services 2026 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,351 Concurrency Control as a Service 2025 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,435 FDBKeeper: Enabling Scalable Coordination Services for Metadata Management using Distributed Key-Value Databases 2025 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,671 Native Distributed Databases: Problems, Challenges and Opportunities 2024 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
11,816 R3: Record-Replay-Retroaction for Database-Backed Applications 2023 VLDB 4.9605343e-05
12,043 QuiCK: A Queuing System in CloudKit 2021 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 21 of 21 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
35 Hekaton: SQL Server’s Memory-Optimized OLTP Engine 2013 SIGMOD 0.00047937476
47 PNUTS: Yahoo!'s Hosted Data Serving Platform 2008 VLDB 0.00043937456
54 Calvin: Fast Distributed Transactions for Partitioned Database Systems 2012 SIGMOD 0.00040489652
63 Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases 2017 SIGMOD 0.00038609177
70 The End of an Architectural Era (It’s Time for a Complete Rewrite) 2007 VLDB 0.00037761637
186 CockroachDB: The Resilient Geo-Distributed SQL Database 2020 SIGMOD 0.00026001543
365 Hyder - A Transactional Record Manager for Shared Flash 2011 CIDR 0.00019904414
378 Massive Stochastic Testing of SQL 1998 VLDB 0.000196128
995 Unbundling Transaction Services in the Cloud 2009 CIDR 0.00012602141
1,221 PolarFS: An Ultra-low Latency and Failure Resilient Distributed File System for Shared Storage Cloud Database 2018 VLDB 0.00011449953
1,392 Amazon Aurora: On Avoiding Distributed Consensus for I/Os, Commits, and Membership Changes 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010787433
1,431 Write-Behind Logging 2017 VLDB 0.00010667031
1,585 On the Design and Scalability of Distributed Shared-Data Databases 2015 SIGMOD 0.00010136077
2,601 Locking Key Ranges with Unbundled Transaction Services 2009 VLDB 8.2175011e-05
2,922 Deuteronomy: Transaction Support for Cloud Data 2011 CIDR 7.8428159e-05
3,127 Analytics in Motion: High Performance Event-Processing AND Real-Time Analytics in the Same Database 2015 SIGMOD 7.6047902e-05
4,127 A genetic approach for random testing of database systems 2007 VLDB 6.7775018e-05
6,127 Taking Omid to the Clouds: Fast, Scalable Transactions for Real-Time Cloud Analytics 2018 VLDB 5.8609011e-05
7,437 FoundationDB Record Layer: A Multi-Tenant Structured Datastore 2019 SIGMOD 5.5129091e-05
12,043 QuiCK: A Queuing System in CloudKit 2021 SIGMOD 4.9605343e-05
13,886 CloudKit: Structured Storage for Mobile Applications 2018 VLDB -
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