Nanosecond Indexing of Graph Data With Hash Maps and VLists
Summary: Wait-free, multi-reader, single-writer graph indexing using hash maps and VLists; kill-9 durable, no reader-to-writer communication, enabling isolation and read scalability. Online updates preserve availability; 80 ns for small subgraph lookups, 12 ns per edge for materialization, 7 bytes/edge/index, ~1M online writes/sec. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Authors
- 1. Andrew Carter (LinkedIn)
- 2. Andrew Rodriguez (LinkedIn)
- 3. Yiming (Ann) Yang (LinkedIn)
- 4. Scott Meyer (LinkedIn)
BibTeX Citation
@inproceedings{carter_sigmod19,
title = {{Nanosecond Indexing of Graph Data With Hash Maps and VLists}},
author = {Carter, Andrew and Rodriguez, Andrew and Yang, Yiming (Ann) and Meyer, Scott},
series = {{SIGMOD} '19},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
doi = {10.1145/3299869.3314044},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3299869.3314044},
year = {2019}
}
Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 6 of 6 citing papers.
| Rank | Citing Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1,280 | LiveGraph: A Transactional Graph Storage System with Purely Sequential Adjacency List Scans | 2020 | VLDB | 0.00011223622 |
| 3,113 | RisGraph: A Real-Time Streaming System for Evolving Graphs to Support Sub-millisecond Per-update Analysis at Millions Ops/s | 2021 | SIGMOD | 7.6351769e-05 |
| 3,971 | A1: A Distributed In-Memory Graph Database | 2020 | SIGMOD | 6.8885062e-05 |
| 8,248 | Bouncer: Admission Control with Response Time Objectives for Low-latency Online Data Systems | 2024 | SIGMOD | 5.3691459e-05 |
| 8,327 | Revisiting the Design of In-Memory Dynamic Graph Storage | 2025 | SIGMOD | 5.35402e-05 |
| 11,132 | RedTAO: A Trillion-edge High-throughput Graph Store | 2025 | SIGMOD | 4.9793485e-05 |
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 8 of 8 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank | Cited Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 | Pregel: A System for Large-Scale Graph Processing | 2010 | SIGMOD | 0.0012092602 |
| 6 | Pig Latin: A Not-So-Foreign Language for Data Processing | 2008 | SIGMOD | 0.001052036 |
| 376 | Scalable Semantic Web Data Management Using Vertical Partitioning | 2007 | VLDB | 0.00019626699 |
| 444 | Trinity: A Distributed Graph Engine on a Memory Cloud | 2013 | SIGMOD | 0.00018177351 |
| 511 | Scalable SPARQL Querying of Large RDF Graphs | 2011 | VLDB | 0.00017061883 |
| 557 | Hexastore: Sextuple Indexing for Semantic Web Data Management | 2008 | VLDB | 0.00016497067 |
| 1,600 | SQLGraph: An Efficient Relational-Based Property Graph Store | 2015 | SIGMOD | 0.00010112271 |
| 8,626 | Optimizing Schema-Last Tuple-Store Queries in Graphd | 2010 | SIGMOD | 5.2997145e-05 |
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