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Towards Estimation Error Guarantees for Distinct Values

Summary: Prove any sublinear-sample estimator for distinct counts must suffer large error on some natural distributions unless it reads a large fraction of the data. Give an estimator matching this lower bound and practical heuristics for typical distributions, validated empirically. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
1216
Venue
PODS
Year
2000
Pagerank
0.00022296371
Overall Rank
288 | 98.03%
DOI
10.1145/335168.335230

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{charikar_pods00,
        address = {New York, NY, USA},
        series = {{PODS} '00},
        title = {{Towards Estimation Error Guarantees for Distinct Values}},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/335168.335230},
        doi = {10.1145/335168.335230},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} Symposium on {Principles} of {Database} {Systems}},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        author = {Charikar, Moses and Chaudhuri, Surajit and Motwani, Rajeev and Narasayya, Vivek},
        year = {2000}
}

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26 Models and Issues in Data Stream Systems 2002 PODS 0.00052982574
255 Distinct Sampling for Highly-Accurate Answers to Distinct Values Queries and Event Reports 2001 VLDB 0.00023174541
363 Approximate Query Processing: Taming the TeraBytes! A Tutorial 2001 VLDB 0.0002005475
388 Preventing Bad Plans by Bounding the Impact of Cardinality Estimation Errors 2009 VLDB 0.00019410042
689 On Synopses for Distinct-Value Estimation Under Multiset Operations 2007 SIGMOD 0.00014940023
1,004 Democratizing Data Science through Interactive Curation of ML Pipelines 2019 SIGMOD 0.00012701932
1,108 Approximate Query Processing: No Silver Bullet 2017 SIGMOD 0.00012145154
1,256 Sampling-Based Query Re-Optimization 2016 SIGMOD 0.00011457194
1,516 Cardinality Estimation: An Experimental Survey 2018 VLDB 0.00010520885
1,644 Compressed Linear Algebra for Large-Scale Machine Learning 2016 VLDB 0.00010132912
1,736 A Sample-and-Clean Framework for Fast and Accurate Query Processing on Dirty Data 2014 SIGMOD 9.8984415e-05
1,806 Effective Use of Block-Level Sampling in Statistics Estimation 2004 SIGMOD 9.7112151e-05
1,872 The Analytical Bootstrap: a New Method for Fast Error Estimation in Approximate Query Processing 2014 SIGMOD 9.5759874e-05
1,962 Sample + Seek: Approximating Aggregates with Distribution Precision Guarantee 2016 SIGMOD 9.3978414e-05
2,128 Summarizing and Mining Inverse Distributions on Data Streams via Dynamic Inverse Sampling 2005 VLDB 9.1271562e-05
2,302 Correlation Maps: A Compressed Access Method for Exploiting Soft Functional Dependencies 2009 VLDB 8.7808696e-05
2,308 Hashed Samples: Selectivity Estimators For Set Similarity Selection Queries 2008 VLDB 8.7738996e-05
2,404 Cardinality Estimation Using Sample Views with Quality Assurance 2007 SIGMOD 8.6225576e-05
2,570 Query-Oriented Data Cleaning with Oracles 2015 SIGMOD 8.4061164e-05
2,633 Relational Confidence Bounds Are Easy With The Bootstrap* 2005 SIGMOD 8.3224527e-05
2,753 Sampling Time-Based Sliding Windows in Bounded Space 2008 SIGMOD 8.1647557e-05
2,898 Approximate Selection with Guarantees using Proxies 2020 VLDB 7.978725e-05
3,150 Comparing Data Streams Using Hamming Norms (How to Zero In) 2002 VLDB 7.7055991e-05
3,197 Processing Set Expressions over Continuous Update Streams 2003 SIGMOD 7.6439415e-05
3,215 Every Row Counts: Combining Sketches and Sampling for Accurate Group-By Result Estimates 2019 CIDR 7.6324234e-05
3,228 Correlation Sketches for Approximate Join-Correlation Queries 2021 SIGMOD 7.6215176e-05
3,241 Optimal and Approximate Computation of Summary Statistics for Range Aggregates 2001 PODS 7.6057671e-05
3,449 CORADD: Correlation Aware Database Designer for Materialized Views and Indexes 2010 VLDB 7.4074656e-05
4,101 Automated Generation of Materialized Views in Oracle 2020 VLDB 6.9009734e-05
4,409 MNC: Structure-Exploiting Sparsity Estimation for Matrix Expressions 2019 SIGMOD 6.7178579e-05
4,481 Dynamically Optimizing Queries over Large Scale Data Platforms 2014 SIGMOD 6.6754521e-05
4,817 Efficiently Approximating Query Optimizer Plan Diagrams 2008 VLDB 6.4944225e-05
5,358 ABS: a System for Scalable Approximate Queries with Accuracy Guarantees 2014 SIGMOD 6.2492955e-05
5,537 Uncertainty Aware Query Execution Time Prediction 2014 VLDB 6.1820087e-05
5,693 Exploiting Ordered Dictionaries to Efficiently Construct Histograms with Q-Error Guarantees in SAP HANA 2014 SIGMOD 6.1189424e-05
5,755 Compression Aware Physical Database Design 2011 VLDB 6.0974171e-05
5,792 Pre-training Summarization Models of Structured Datasets for Cardinality Estimation 2022 VLDB 6.0871213e-05
6,009 Optimization of Conjunctive Predicates for Main Memory Column Stores 2016 VLDB 6.0113733e-05
6,019 Robustness Metrics for Relational Query Execution Plans 2018 VLDB 6.0060149e-05
6,046 Automatic Optimization of Matrix Implementations for Distributed Machine Learning and Linear Algebra 2021 SIGMOD 5.9956597e-05
6,819 Estimating the Impact of Unknown Unknowns on Aggregate Query Results 2016 SIGMOD 5.7635226e-05
7,290 Learning to be a Statistician: Learned Estimator for Number of Distinct Values 2022 VLDB 5.6540503e-05
7,377 Efficient and Scalable Statistics Gathering for Large Databases in Oracle 11g 2008 SIGMOD 5.6297042e-05
7,396 Fast Detection of Denial Constraint Violations 2022 VLDB 5.6257228e-05
8,183 alpha to omega: The Greek Alphabet of Sampling 2020 CIDR 5.4714466e-05
8,211 MONSOON: Multi-Step Optimization and Execution of Queries with Partially Obscured Predicates 2020 SIGMOD 5.4658735e-05
8,849 ByteCard: Enhancing ByteDance’s Data Warehouse with Learned Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 5.3577504e-05
8,850 Learning-based Property Estimation with Polynomials 2024 SIGMOD 5.3577504e-05
8,998 Histograms Reloaded: The Merits of Bucket Diversity 2010 SIGMOD 5.3355988e-05
9,329 Panakos: Chasing the Tails for Multidimensional Data Streams 2023 VLDB 5.2894515e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

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