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ByteCard: Enhancing ByteDance’s Data Warehouse with Learned Cardinality Estimation

Summary: ByteCard trains and deploys cardinality estimators in ByteHouse, replacing Selinger-style estimates for huge-scale queries. Balancing accuracy and practicality (latency, size, training cost), it yields up to 30% lower 99th percentile latency on real data. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
6846
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2024
Pagerank
5.3577504e-05
Overall Rank
8,849 | 39.29%
DOI
10.1145/3626246.3653376

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{han_sigmod24,
        title = {{ByteCard: Enhancing ByteDance’s Data Warehouse with Learned Cardinality Estimation}},
        author = {Han, Yuxing and Wang, Haoyu and Chen, Lixiang and Dong, Yifeng and Chen, Xing and Yu, Benquan and Yang, Chengcheng and Qian, Weining},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '24},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3626246.3653376},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3626246.3653376},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 38 of 38 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0024089429
18 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059284255
66 The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse 2016 SIGMOD 0.00038561587
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035838391
86 Automatic Database Management System Tuning Through Large-scale Machine Learning 2017 SIGMOD 0.00035316107
186 The Vertica Analytic Database: C-Store 7 Years Later 2012 VLDB 0.00026182534
271 TiDB: A Raft-based HTAP Database 2020 VLDB 0.00022703024
288 Towards Estimation Error Guarantees for Distinct Values 2000 PODS 0.00022296371
323 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021264788
334 An End-to-End Automatic Cloud Database Tuning System Using Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 0.00020875082
401 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019092557
465 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001803934
513 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017190574
697 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00014888851
818 Amazon Redshift Re-invented 2022 SIGMOD 0.00013822916
895 Runtime Measurements in the Cloud: Observing, Analyzing, and Reducing Variance 2010 VLDB 0.00013357681
1,037 Cost-Based Optimization for Magic: Algebra and Implementation 1996 SIGMOD 0.00012494928
1,122 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.0001209124
1,395 Column-oriented Database Systems 2009 VLDB 0.00010928358
1,988 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.3501502e-05
2,563 AnalyticDB: Real-time OLAP Database System at Alibaba Cloud 2019 VLDB 8.412445e-05
2,620 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.3363963e-05
2,723 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 8.2049453e-05
2,822 Cost Models for Big Data Query Processing: Learning, Retrofitting, and Our Findings 2020 SIGMOD 8.0898536e-05
2,844 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 8.0608767e-05
2,991 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.8880723e-05
3,005 Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space 2021 VLDB 7.8608206e-05
3,116 ResTune: Resource Oriented Tuning Boosted by Meta-Learning for Cloud Databases 2021 SIGMOD 7.7390737e-05
3,338 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.5068221e-05
3,662 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 7.2166682e-05
3,688 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.201795e-05
3,809 Auto-WLM: Machine Learning Enhanced Workload Management in Amazon Redshift 2023 SIGMOD 7.1074195e-05
4,468 One Model to Rule them All: Towards Zero-Shot Learning for Databases 2022 CIDR 6.6819041e-05
4,705 Presto: A Decade of SQL Analytics at Meta 2023 SIGMOD 6.5529421e-05
5,010 Analyzing the Impact of Cardinality Estimation on Execution Plans in Microsoft SQL Server 2023 VLDB 6.4023732e-05
6,357 A Unified Transferable Model for ML-Enhanced DBMS 2022 CIDR 5.9020843e-05
7,290 Learning to be a Statistician: Learned Estimator for Number of Distinct Values 2022 VLDB 5.6540503e-05
8,323 SageDB: An Instance-Optimized Data Analytics System 2022 VLDB 5.4539294e-05
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