FILM: a Fully Learned Index for Larger-than-Memory Databases

Summary: FILM: a fully learned tree index for larger-than-memory DBs using tiny approximation models to index across memory+disk, reducing in-memory index size by orders of magnitude versus anti-caching. An adaptive LRU piggybacked on queries avoids swap overhead, improving query latency and insertion performance. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 13312
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2023
Pagerank: 5.042727e-05
Overall Rank: 6,492 | 54.84%
DOI: 10.14778/3570690.3570704

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 9 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
5,074	Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation	2023	VLDB	5.7175726e-05
7,390	Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk	2024	SIGMOD	4.7431654e-05
7,869	SALI: A Scalable Adaptive Learned Index Framework based on Probability Models	2023	SIGMOD	4.6315248e-05
8,076	Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training	2024	VLDB	4.5917398e-05
8,671	Algorithmic Complexity Attacks on Dynamic Learned Indexes	2024	VLDB	4.4714076e-05
9,346	Can Learned Indexes be Built Efficiently? A Deep Dive into Sampling Trade-offs	2024	SIGMOD	4.3532026e-05
10,038	Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis]	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,087	High Performance or Low Memory? An Updatable Learned Index Framework for Time-Space Tradeoff	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,396	VEGA: An Active-tuning Learned Index with Group-Wise Learning Granularity	2025	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 22 of 22 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
102	The Case for Learned Index Structures	2018	SIGMOD	0.00049545203
488	TiDB: A Raft-based HTAP Database	2020	VLDB	0.000220409
608	DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries!	2020	VLDB	0.00019235898
826	ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index	2020	SIGMOD	0.00016224841
857	The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds	2020	VLDB	0.00015882892
982	Anti-Caching: A New Approach to Database Management System Architecture	2013	VLDB	0.00014872253
1,036	ERMIA: Fast Memory-Optimized Database System for Heterogeneous Workloads	2016	SIGMOD	0.0001452166
1,263	Data Blocks: Hybrid OLTP and OLAP on Compressed Storage using both Vectorization and Compilation	2016	SIGMOD	0.00012982857
1,312	Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes	2016	SIGMOD	0.00012652548
1,375	FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure	2019	SIGMOD	0.00012303141
1,460	Benchmarking Learned Indexes	2021	VLDB	0.00011887068
1,478	Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes	2020	SIGMOD	0.00011762542
1,792	Hybrid Transactional/Analytical Processing: A Survey	2017	SIGMOD	0.00010537893
1,913	BF-Tree: Approximate Tree Indexing	2014	VLDB	0.00010113937
2,076	Trekking Through Siberia: Managing Cold Data in a Memory-Optimized Database	2014	VLDB	9.6059442e-05
2,115	LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data	2020	SIGMOD	9.5257379e-05
2,552	Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions	2021	VLDB	8.5530411e-05
2,678	Effectively Learning Spatial Indices	2020	VLDB	8.3252088e-05
3,131	FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems	2022	VLDB	7.4985793e-05
3,471	Parallel Replication across Formats in SAP HANA for Scaling Out Mixed OLTP/OLAP Workloads	2017	VLDB	7.0639872e-05
3,768	F1 Lightning: HTAP as a Service	2020	VLDB	6.7782774e-05
6,856	Liquid: Unifying Nearline and Offline Big Data Integration	2015	CIDR	4.9060615e-05

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