From FASTER to F2: Evolving Concurrent Key-Value Store Designs for Large Skewed Workloads

Summary: F2 evolves FASTER into a two-tier record-oriented KV store for large skewed, >RAM workloads, separating read-hot/write-hot data with a read-cache and a two-level hash index to cut indexing overhead for cold records. Adds latch-free concurrent log compaction and other concurrency mechanisms, achieving 2–11.9× throughput vs. prior KV stores. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 14283
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2025
Pagerank: 5.093636e-05
Overall Rank: 11,002 | 24.52%
DOI: 10.14778/3750601.3750615

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

No non-self incoming citations found for this paper in this database.

Authors

1. Konstantinos Kanellis (University of Wisconsin)
2. Badrish Chandramouli (Microsoft)
3. Ted Hart (Microsoft)
4. Shivaram Venkataraman (University of Wisconsin)

BibTeX Citation

@article{kanellis_vldb25,
        title = {{From FASTER to F2: Evolving Concurrent Key-Value Store Designs for Large Skewed Workloads}},
        author = {Kanellis, Konstantinos and Chandramouli, Badrish and Hart, Ted and Venkataraman, Shivaram},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '25},
        volume = {18},
        number = {12},
        pages = {4910--4923},
        doi = {10.14778/3750601.3750615},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3750601.3750615},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 0 of 0 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 19 of 19 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
446	Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store	2017	SIGMOD	0.00018332392
614	Faster: A Concurrent Key-Value Store with In-Place Updates	2018	SIGMOD	0.00015720975
720	Anti-Caching: A New Approach to Database Management System Architecture	2013	VLDB	0.00014632914
831	Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging	2018	SIGMOD	0.00013748512
1,677	SkimpyStash: RAM Space Skimpy Key-Value Store on Flash-based Storage	2011	SIGMOD	0.00010032149
1,954	Chucky: A Succinct Cuckoo Filter for LSM-Tree	2021	SIGMOD	9.4208165e-05
2,043	A General-Purpose Counting Filter: Making Every Bit Count	2017	SIGMOD	9.2674387e-05
2,479	Microsoft CEP Server and Online Behavioral Targeting	2009	VLDB	8.521563e-05
2,698	Rosetta: A Robust Space-Time Optimized Range Filter for Key-Value Stores	2020	SIGMOD	8.2450522e-05
3,001	What Modern NVMe Storage Can Do, And How To Exploit It: High-Performance I/O for High-Performance Storage Engines	2023	VLDB	7.8673493e-05
3,054	Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly	2022	VLDB	7.8090808e-05
3,535	TreeLine: An Update-In-Place Key-Value Store for Modern Storage	2023	VLDB	7.3333933e-05
3,773	SplinterDB and Maplets: Improving the Tradeoffs in Key-Value Store Compaction Policy	2023	SIGMOD	7.1384476e-05
5,766	Endure: A Robust Tuning Paradigm for LSM Trees Under Workload Uncertainty	2022	VLDB	6.094771e-05
5,780	Compactionary: A Dictionary for LSM Compactions	2022	SIGMOD	6.091058e-05
6,813	Netherite: Efficient Execution of Serverless Workflows	2022	VLDB	5.7657129e-05
7,437	FASTER: An Embedded Concurrent Key-Value Store for State Management	2018	VLDB	5.6191179e-05
8,016	Two is Better Than One: The Case for 2-Tree for Skewed Data Sets	2023	CIDR	5.5070057e-05
9,635	Memory-Efficient Search Trees for Database Management Systems	2021	SIGMOD	5.2434488e-05

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