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Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly

Summary: Spooky exposes the opposing costs of LSM compaction granularity: Full Merge causes space amplification, while Partial Merge causes write amplification and SSD GC overhead. It aligns lower-level partitions to largest-level file boundaries, achieving >2× lower space and write amplification than either strategy. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
12976
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
7.8090808e-05
Overall Rank
3,054 | 79.05%
DOI
10.14778/3551793.3551853

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{dayan_vldb22,
        title = {{Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly}},
        author = {Dayan, Niv and Weiss, Tamar and Dashevsky, Shmuel and Pan, Michael and Bortnikov, Edward and Twitto, Moshe},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '22},
        volume = {15},
        number = {11},
        pages = {3071--3084},
        doi = {10.14778/3551793.3551853},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3551793.3551853},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 23 of 23 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4,664 GRF: A Global Range Filter for LSM-Trees with Shape Encoding 2024 SIGMOD 6.5787544e-05
4,960 InfiniFilter: Expanding Filters to Infinity and Beyond 2023 SIGMOD 6.4280133e-05
6,843 Learning to Optimize LSM-trees: Towards A Reinforcement Learning based Key-Value Store for Dynamic Workloads 2023 SIGMOD 5.7573899e-05
7,693 CaaS-LSM: Compaction-as-a-Service for LSM-based Key-Value Stores in Storage Disaggregated Infrastructure 2024 SIGMOD 5.5663461e-05
7,757 CAMAL: Optimizing LSM-trees via Active Learning 2024 SIGMOD 5.5508469e-05
8,156 How to Grow an LSM-tree? Towards Bridging the Gap Between Theory and Practice 2025 SIGMOD 5.4765648e-05
8,475 Mnemosyne: Dynamic Workload-Aware BF Tuning via Accurate Statistics in LSM trees 2025 SIGMOD 5.4171036e-05
8,790 Practical Dynamic Extension for Sampling Indexes 2023 SIGMOD 5.3722049e-05
8,811 ArceKV: Towards Workload-driven LSM-compactions for Key-Value Store Under Dynamic Workloads 2026 VLDB 5.3652966e-05
8,896 Aster: Enhancing LSM-structures for Scalable Graph Database 2025 SIGMOD 5.3495662e-05
8,919 MirrorKV: An Efficient Key-Value Store on Hybrid Cloud Storage with Balanced Performance of Compaction and Querying 2023 SIGMOD 5.3483178e-05
9,021 Structural Designs Meet Optimality: Exploring Optimized LSM-tree Structures in A Colossal Configuration Space 2024 SIGMOD 5.3305499e-05
9,457 Rethinking The Compaction Policies in LSM-trees 2025 SIGMOD 5.2642945e-05
9,465 Are Joins over LSM-trees Ready? Take RocksDB as an Example 2025 VLDB 5.2634238e-05
10,134 A Multi-tenant Relational OLTP Database at Salesforce 2026 CIDR 5.093636e-05
10,274 O3-LSM: Maximizing Disaggregated LSM Write Performance via Three-Layer Offloading 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,355 Counting Is All You Need for Instant Tuple Discovery: Enabling Real-Time HTAP in Standalone DBMSs 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,471 Making LSM-Tree-based Key-Value Store Practical and Efficient for Multi-Tenant Serverless Cloud Databases 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,480 PartitionKV: Redesigning LSM-tree KV Stores on NVMs with Adaptive Partitioning for Reducing Write Stalls and Amplification 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,543 How to Write to SSDs 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,002 From FASTER to F2: Evolving Concurrent Key-Value Store Designs for Large Skewed Workloads 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,257 On Reducing Space Amplification with Multi-Column Compaction in Apache IoTDB 2024 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,281 LavaStore: ByteDance's Purpose-built, High-performance, Cost-effective Local Storage Engine for Cloud Services 2024 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 27 of 27 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
275 bLSM: A General Purpose Log Structured Merge Tree 2012 SIGMOD 0.00022630189
446 Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store 2017 SIGMOD 0.00018332392
472 Optimizing Space Amplification in RocksDB 2017 CIDR 0.000179044
478 BLOCKBENCH: A Framework for Analyzing Private Blockchains 2017 SIGMOD 0.00017829906
831 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013748512
857 SlimDB: A Space-Efficient Key-Value Storage Engine For Semi-Sorted Data 2017 VLDB 0.00013568886
880 SuRF: Practical Range Query Filtering with Fast Succinct Tries 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013432693
1,112 Cache-Oblivious String B-trees 2006 PODS 0.00012125766
1,213 MyRocks: LSM-Tree Database Storage Engine Serving Facebook's Social Graph 2020 VLDB 0.00011646797
1,347 X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011073571
1,389 Realtime Data Processing at Facebook 2016 SIGMOD 0.00010943767
1,502 The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010557694
1,580 Compaction management in distributed key-value datastores 2015 VLDB 0.00010299919
1,616 The Data Calculator*: Data Structure Design and Cost Synthesis from First Principles and Learned Cost Models 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010213691
1,942 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 9.4451535e-05
1,954 Chucky: A Succinct Cuckoo Filter for LSM-Tree 2021 SIGMOD 9.4208165e-05
2,755 Lethe: A Tunable Delete-Aware LSM Engine 2020 SIGMOD 8.163097e-05
2,970 Accordion: Better Memory Organization for LSM Key-Value Stores 2018 VLDB 7.9122212e-05
3,005 Constructing and Analyzing the LSM Compaction Design Space 2021 VLDB 7.8608206e-05
3,089 Improving Flash Write Performance by Using Update Frequency 2013 VLDB 7.7686638e-05
4,665 Coconut: A Scalable Bottom-Up Approach for Building Data Series Indexes 2018 VLDB 6.5780693e-05
5,841 The Necessary Death of the Block Device Interface 2013 CIDR 6.0692932e-05
6,139 Toward a Better Understanding and Evaluation of Tree Structures on Flash SSDs 2021 VLDB 5.9638351e-05
7,064 Coconut Palm: Static and Streaming Data Series Exploration Now in your Palm 2019 SIGMOD 5.7123867e-05
7,249 GeckoFTL: Scalable Flash Translation Techniques For Very Large Flash Devices 2016 SIGMOD 5.6634301e-05
9,481 The End of Moore’s Law and the Rise of The Data Processor 2021 VLDB 5.2634238e-05
13,646 EagleTree: Exploring the Design Space of SSD-Based Algorithms 2013 VLDB -
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