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VSAG: An Optimized Search Framework for Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

Summary: VSAG is a production-oriented framework for graph-based ANNS, combining cache-aware prefetching, automatic parameter tuning without index rebuilds, and hardware/quantization-aware distance computation. Deployed at Ant Group, it delivers up to 4× HNSWlib speedup at equal accuracy. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
14291
Venue
VLDB
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.4666548e-05
Overall Rank
8,205 | 43.71%
DOI
10.14778/3750601.3750624

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{zhong_vldb25,
        title = {{VSAG: An Optimized Search Framework for Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search}},
        author = {Zhong, Xiaoyao and Li, Haotian and Jin, Jiabao and Yang, Mingyu and Chu, Deming and Wang, Xiangyu and Shen, Zhitao and Jia, Wei and Gu, George and Xie, Yi and Lin, Xuemin and Shen, Heng Tao and Song, Jingkuan and Cheng, Peng},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '25},
        volume = {18},
        number = {12},
        pages = {5017--5030},
        doi = {10.14778/3750601.3750624},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3750601.3750624},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 4 of 4 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
10,447 Efficient and Robust Out-Of-Distribution Vector Similarity Search with Cross-Distribution Monotonic Graph 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,455 FGIM: a Fast Graph-based Indexes Merging Framework for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,525 Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,585 RED-ANNS: An RDMA-Enabled Distributed Framework for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 15 of 15 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
21 Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing 1999 VLDB 0.00056760516
93 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00034701237
286 Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System 2021 SIGMOD 0.00022357911
369 Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme Based on Dynamic Collision Counting 2012 SIGMOD 0.00019945234
580 SRS: Solving c-Approximate Nearest Neighbor Queries in High Dimensional Euclidean Space with a Tiny Index 2015 VLDB 0.00016157635
805 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB 0.00013891999
1,244 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases 2023 SIGMOD 0.00011508159
1,357 RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 0.00011043994
1,546 PM-LSH: A Fast and Accurate LSH Framework for High-Dimensional Approximate NN Search 2020 VLDB 0.00010407159
1,589 Manu: A Cloud Native Vector Database Management System 2022 VLDB 0.00010264469
1,735 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 9.9004924e-05
1,802 HVS: Hierarchical Graph Structure Based on Voronoi Diagrams for Solving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2022 VLDB 9.7284341e-05
2,534 ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science 2023 VLDB 8.4561875e-05
3,108 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.7499741e-05
4,712 Revisiting the Index Construction of Proximity Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 6.5506649e-05
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