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RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

Summary: RaBitQ: randomized quantization for ANN in high-dimensional Euclidean space, encoding each D-dim vector into D bits. Key novelty: a sharp theoretical distance-error bound for quantized search, while retaining SIMD/bitwise efficiency and outperforming PQ variants empirically. (summarized by gpt-5.4-mini on May 24 2026)

Paper ID
6992
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2024
Pagerank
0.00011043994
Overall Rank
1,357 | 90.70%
DOI
10.1145/3654970

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{gao_sigmod24,
        title = {{RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search}},
        author = {Gao, Jianyang and Long, Cheng},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '24},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3654970},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3654970},
        year = {2024}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 43 of 43 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
3,108 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.7499741e-05
3,286 iRangeGraph: Improvising Range-dedicated Graphs for Range-filtering Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 7.5596483e-05
3,799 SymphonyQG: Towards Symphonious Integration of Quantization and Graph for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.114484e-05
4,430 PQCache: Product Quantization-based KVCache for Long Context LLM Inference 2025 SIGMOD 6.7091071e-05
6,133 Efficient Data-aware Distance Comparison Operations for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.9654376e-05
6,148 Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN Indexes 2024 VLDB 5.9593368e-05
6,995 Chameleon: a Heterogeneous and Disaggregated Accelerator System for Retrieval-Augmented Language Models 2025 VLDB 5.7301567e-05
7,166 Accelerating Graph Indexing for ANNS on Modern CPUs 2025 SIGMOD 5.6846045e-05
7,259 Efficient Dynamic Indexing for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.6613405e-05
7,720 PDX: A Data Layout for Vector Similarity Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.559007e-05
7,761 DEG: Efficient Hybrid Vector Search Using the Dynamic Edge Navigation Graph 2025 SIGMOD 5.550467e-05
8,205 VSAG: An Optimized Search Framework for Graph-based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.4666548e-05
9,052 Fast Approximate Similarity Join in Vector Databases 2025 SIGMOD 5.3251649e-05
9,163 Attribute Filtering in Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: An In-depth Experimental Study 2026 SIGMOD 5.3104846e-05
9,360 DARTH: Declarative Recall Through Early Termination for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.2819088e-05
9,776 Fast Graph Vector Search via Hardware Acceleration and Delayed-Synchronization Traversal 2025 VLDB 5.2209769e-05
9,889 SAQ: Pushing the Limits of Vector Quantization through Code Adjustment and Dimension Segmentation 2026 SIGMOD 5.1997534e-05
9,918 HAKES: Scalable Vector Database for Embedding Search Service 2025 VLDB 5.1955087e-05
10,034 HARMONY: A Scalable Distributed Vector Database for High-Throughput Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.173224e-05
10,035 CoTra: Towards Efficient and Scalable Distributed Vector Search with RDMA 2026 SIGMOD 5.173224e-05
10,227 Efficient Index Layout and Search Strategy for Large-scale High-dimensional Vector Similarity Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,247 GEM: A Native Graph-based Index for Multi-Vector Retrieval 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,251 GPS: Revisiting the Data Layout for Disk-based High-Dimensional Vector Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,297 TaCo: Data-adaptive and Query-aware Subspace Collision for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,299 Through the Lens of Hubness: A Revisit on Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,336 Accelerating High-Dimensional ANN Search via Skipping Redundant Distance Computations 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,362 Dynamically Detect and Fix Hardness for Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,377 High-Throughput, Cost-Effective Billion-Scale Vector Search with a Single GPU 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,400 Scalable Graph Indexing using GPUs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,412 TRIM: Accelerating High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search with Enhanced Triangle-Inequality-Based Pruning 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,417 WoW: A Window-to-Window Incremental Index for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,454 Fast-Convergent Proximity Graphs for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,490 RAIRS: Optimizing Redundant Assignment and List Layout for IVF-Based ANN Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,493 Reveal Hidden Pitfalls and Navigate Next Generation of Vector Similarity Search from Task-Centric Views: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,512 SVFusion: A CPU-GPU Co-Processing Architecture for Large-Scale Real-Time Vector Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,525 Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,544 I/O Optimizations for Graph-Based Disk-Resident Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: A Design Space Exploration 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,548 JHQ: Johnson-Lindenstrauss Enhanced Hierarchical Quantization for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,563 Balancing the Blend: An Experimental Analysis of Trade-offs in Hybrid Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,578 ConANN: Conformal Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,585 RED-ANNS: An RDMA-Enabled Distributed Framework for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,601 Elastic Index Selection for Label-Hybrid AKNN Search 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,638 A Theoretical Framework for Distribution-Aware Dataset Search 2025 PODS 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 26 of 26 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
46 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.00044853085
56 M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 1997 VLDB 0.00040719947
93 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00034701237
286 Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System 2021 SIGMOD 0.00022357911
332 Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2016 VLDB 0.00020920444
369 Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme Based on Dynamic Collision Counting 2012 SIGMOD 0.00019945234
398 A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2021 VLDB 0.00019194947
580 SRS: Solving c-Approximate Nearest Neighbor Queries in High Dimensional Euclidean Space with a Tiny Index 2015 VLDB 0.00016157635
805 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB 0.00013891999
926 Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013181732
1,065 PASE: PostgreSQL Ultra-High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Extension 2020 SIGMOD 0.00012335063
1,244 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases 2023 SIGMOD 0.00011508159
1,430 VHP: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Virtual Hypersphere Partitioning 2020 VLDB 0.0001080902
1,546 PM-LSH: A Fast and Accurate LSH Framework for High-Dimensional Approximate NN Search 2020 VLDB 0.00010407159
1,631 High-Throughput Vector Similarity Search in Knowledge Graphs 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010174628
1,735 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 9.9004924e-05
1,802 HVS: Hierarchical Graph Structure Based on Voronoi Diagrams for Solving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2022 VLDB 9.7284341e-05
1,934 Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2023 VLDB 9.4561907e-05
2,010 iDEC: Indexable Distance Estimating Codes for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2020 VLDB 9.3085202e-05
2,519 Similarity search in the blink of an eye with compressed indices 2023 VLDB 8.4741476e-05
3,037 The Lernaean Hydra of Data Series Similarity Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State of the Art 2019 VLDB 7.8275859e-05
3,265 New Trends in High-D Vector Similarity Search: AI-driven, Progressive, and Distributed 2021 VLDB 7.5834255e-05
3,279 Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme based on Longest Circular Co-Substring 2020 SIGMOD 7.5711218e-05
3,310 Similarity Query Processing for High-Dimensional Data 2020 VLDB 7.5363562e-05
3,858 A General and Efficient Querying Method for Learning to Hash 2018 SIGMOD 7.067591e-05
6,691 Dumpy: A Compact and Adaptive Index for Large Data Series Collections 2023 SIGMOD 5.8011086e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 2,519 Similarity search in the blink of an eye with compressed indices 2023 VLDB
2 690 Efficient Similarity Search and Classification via Rank Aggregation 2003 SIGMOD
3 805 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB
4 10,944 Not Small Enough? SegPQ: A Learned Approach to Compress Product Quantization Codebooks 2025 VLDB
5 332 Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2016 VLDB
6 3,858 A General and Efficient Querying Method for Learning to Hash 2018 SIGMOD
7 8,622 Accelerating Product Quantization Query Execution Runtime 2021 SIGMOD
8 9,889 SAQ: Pushing the Limits of Vector Quantization through Code Adjustment and Dimension Segmentation 2026 SIGMOD
9 10,525 Quantization Meets Projection: A Happy Marriage for Approximate k-Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 VLDB
10 3,108 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD