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PG-Schema: Schemas for Property Graphs

Summary: PG-Schema offers a formalism for property graph schemas with PG-Types (multi-inheritance) and PG-Keys-based constraints. Formal syntax/semantics aimed at shaping GQL's rich DDL and boosting graph DBs' schema capabilities. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
6702
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2023
Pagerank
0.00010557905
Overall Rank
1,782 | 87.62%
DOI
10.1145/3589778

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 29 of 29 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5,419 Beyond Relations: A Case for Elevating to the Entity-Relationship Abstraction 2025 CIDR 5.5154502e-05
5,672 Implementation Strategies for Views over Property Graphs 2024 SIGMOD 5.3796057e-05
5,911 Normalizing Property Graphs 2023 VLDB 5.2718035e-05
6,899 Containment of Graph Queries Modulo Schema 2024 PODS 4.8878659e-05
7,734 AeonG: An Efficient Built-in Temporal Support in Graph Databases 2024 VLDB 4.6599626e-05
8,683 TigerVector: Supporting Vector Search in Graph Databases for Advanced RAGs 2025 SIGMOD 4.4632232e-05
9,036 Transforming RDF Graphs to Property Graphs using Standardized Schemas 2024 SIGMOD 4.3997447e-05
9,154 PG-Triggers: Triggers for Property Graphs 2024 SIGMOD 4.380727e-05
9,457 GraphScope Flex: LEGO-like Graph Computing Stack 2024 SIGMOD 4.3346427e-05
9,676 Schema-Based Query Optimisation for Graph Databases 2025 SIGMOD 4.3006524e-05
9,791 A Modular Graph-Native Query Optimization Framework 2025 SIGMOD 4.2777144e-05
9,996 Raqlet: Cross-Paradigm Compilation for Recursive Queries 2026 CIDR 4.1905499e-05
10,235 Repairing Property Graphs under PG-Constraints 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,238 TurboLynx: Schemaless Graph Engine Strikes Back for General-Purpose Analytics 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,250 Structural Normalization of Property Graphs 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,388 Entity/Relationship Graphs: Principled Design, Modeling, and Data Integrity Management of Graph Databases 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,406 User-Centric Property Graph Repairs 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,458 PASCAL: A Theory-Informed Visual Interface for Property Graph Schema Visualization 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,517 Synthesizing Third Normal Form Schemata that Minimize Integrity Maintenance and Update Overheads: Parameterizing 3NF by the Numbers of Minimal Keys and Functional Dependencies 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,529 LICS: Towards Theory-Informed Effective Visual Abstraction of Property Graph Schemas 2025 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,581 G-View: View Management for Graph Databases 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,710 Shifting Transaction Isolation on Graphs: From Systems to Data 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,722 What If: Causal Analysis with Graph Databases 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,791 GalaxyWeaver: Autonomous Table-to-Graph Conversion and Schema Optimization with Large Language Models 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,808 GraphAr: An Efficient Storage Scheme for Graph Data in Data Lakes 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,838 When Entity/Relationship Models Meet Graph Databases 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,843 Property Graph Standards: State of the Art & Open Challenges 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,849 Versatile Property Graph Transformations 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
11,079 KGFabric: A Scalable Knowledge Graph Warehouse for Enterprise Data Interconnection 2024 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 7 of 7 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
327 The Ubiquity of Large Graphs and Surprising Challenges of Graph Processing 2018 VLDB 0.00027312381
787 Cypher: An Evolving Query Language for Property Graphs 2018 SIGMOD 0.00016624372
964 G-CORE: A Core for Future Graph Query Languages 2018 SIGMOD 0.00014967208
2,504 Graph Pattern Matching in GQL and SQL/PGQ 2022 SIGMOD 8.629969e-05
3,310 PG-Keys: Keys for Property Graphs 2021 SIGMOD 7.2370328e-05
7,250 DiscoPG: Property Graph Schema Discovery and Exploration 2022 VLDB 4.7839965e-05
9,801 Threshold Queries in Theory and in the Wild 2022 VLDB 4.2777144e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
10,250 Structural Normalization of Property Graphs 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
9,536 Graph Data Models, Query Languages and Programming Paradigms 2018 VLDB 4.3225428e-05
9,036 Transforming RDF Graphs to Property Graphs using Standardized Schemas 2024 SIGMOD 4.3997447e-05
10,843 Property Graph Standards: State of the Art & Open Challenges 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
2,504 Graph Pattern Matching in GQL and SQL/PGQ 2022 SIGMOD 8.629969e-05
10,005 On the Expressiveness of Languages for Querying Property Graphs in Relational Databases 2026 PODS 4.1905499e-05
10,849 Versatile Property Graph Transformations 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
7,712 GQL and SQL/PGQ: Theoretical Models and Expressive Power 2025 VLDB 4.6667433e-05
5,663 GPC: A Pattern Calculus for Property Graphs 2023 PODS 5.3853781e-05
3,310 PG-Keys: Keys for Property Graphs 2021 SIGMOD 7.2370328e-05