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R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching

Summary: R-tree, a dynamic index for multidimensional spatial data; supports non-zero sized objects with bounding rectangles. Algorithms for search and update; empirical tests show strong performance and applicability to modern spatial DBs. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
2233
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
1984
Pagerank
0.0032169493
Overall Rank
2 | 99.99%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 379 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5,391 Scalable Ranked Publish/Subscribe 2008 VLDB 5.533552e-05
5,458 V-Trees - A Storage Method for Long Vector Data 1994 VLDB 5.496829e-05
5,461 Separability of Polyhedra for Optimal Filtering of Spatial and Constraint Data 1995 PODS 5.4947899e-05
5,514 GPU Rasterization for Real-Time Spatial Aggregation over Arbitrary Polygons 2018 VLDB 5.4638186e-05
5,521 Efficient Streaming Subgraph Isomorphism with Graph Neural Networks 2021 VLDB 5.4614637e-05
5,572 The RLR-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based R-Tree for Spatial Data 2023 SIGMOD 5.4277273e-05
5,636 GORDER: An Efficient Method for KNN Join Processing 2004 VLDB 5.3981191e-05
5,664 Performance of Data-Parallel Spatial Operations 1994 VLDB 5.3821564e-05
5,674 Efficient Allocation Algorithms for OLAP over Imprecise Data 2006 VLDB 5.377195e-05
5,790 AQWA: Adaptive Query-Workload-Aware Partitioning of Big Spatial Data 2015 VLDB 5.3269734e-05
5,837 An Alternative Storage Organization for ROLAP Aggregate Views Based on Cubetrees 1998 SIGMOD 5.3061106e-05
5,853 Walking Through A Very Large Virtual Environment In Real-time 2001 VLDB 5.3006479e-05
5,860 Benchmarking Spatial Join Operations with Spatial Output 1995 VLDB 5.2990241e-05
5,882 Improving Adaptable Similarity Query Processing by Using Approximations 1998 VLDB 5.2892937e-05
5,917 VoR-Tree: R-trees with Voronoi Diagrams for Efficient Processing of Spatial Nearest Neighbor Queries 2010 VLDB 5.2739511e-05
5,953 Spatial Independent Range Sampling 2021 SIGMOD 5.2589924e-05
5,979 External Memory Algorithms 1998 PODS 5.2450009e-05
5,985 Call to Order: A Hierarchical Browsing Approach to Eliciting Users' Preference 2010 SIGMOD 5.2442779e-05
6,000 DeepEverest: Accelerating Declarative Top-K Queries for Deep Neural Network Interpretation 2022 VLDB 5.2415551e-05
6,012 Clue-based Spatio-textual Query 2017 VLDB 5.2415551e-05
6,045 FINCH: Evaluating Reverse k-Nearest-Neighbor Queries on Location Data 2008 VLDB 5.2372658e-05
6,051 Spatial Indexing in Microsoft SQL Server 2008 2008 SIGMOD 5.2347385e-05
6,076 Window Query-Optimal Clustering of Spatial Objects 1995 PODS 5.223696e-05
6,097 Two-dimensional Substring Indexing 2001 PODS 5.2119402e-05
6,125 DenForest: Enabling Fast Deletion in Incremental Density-Based Clustering over Sliding Windows 2022 SIGMOD 5.1987868e-05
6,202 A Benchmark for Evaluating Moving Object Indexes 2008 VLDB 5.1593242e-05
6,242 Helios: Hyperscale Indexing for the Cloud & Edge 2020 VLDB 5.1408379e-05
6,243 BE-Tree: An Index Structure to Efficiently Match Boolean Expressions over High-dimensional Discrete Space 2011 SIGMOD 5.1402191e-05
6,250 Operation Specific Locking In B-Trees 1987 PODS 5.1383127e-05
6,325 On the Effects of Dimensionality Reduction on High Dimensional Similarity Search 2001 PODS 5.1105081e-05
6,360 High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search: From Time Series to Deep Network Embeddings 2020 SIGMOD 5.0961051e-05
6,376 DET-LSH: A Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme with Dynamic Encoding Tree for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 VLDB 5.0916875e-05
6,387 Exact Processing of Uncertain Top-k Queries in Multi-criteria Settings 2018 VLDB 5.0851965e-05
6,424 Range Search over Encrypted Multi-Attribute Data 2023 VLDB 5.0670573e-05
6,480 Efficient Search of Multidimensional B-Trees 1995 VLDB 5.0475112e-05
6,499 The Flexible Socio Spatial Group Queries 2019 VLDB 5.0382007e-05
6,500 Adaptive Multi-Stage Distance Join Processing 2000 SIGMOD 5.0381573e-05
6,512 Trajectory Similarity Measurement: An Efficiency Perspective 2024 VLDB 5.0321577e-05
6,570 Densely Connected User Community and Location Cluster Search in Location-Based Social Networks 2020 SIGMOD 5.0065377e-05
6,571 Techniques for Design and Implementation of Efficient Spatial Access Methods 1988 VLDB 5.0061936e-05
6,582 Towards a Spatial Query Language: User Interface Considerations 1988 VLDB 5.0028957e-05
6,595 Trajectory Similarity Join in Spatial Networks 2017 VLDB 4.9993852e-05
6,632 Global Immutable Region Computation 2014 SIGMOD 4.984576e-05
6,708 Just-In-Time Data Structures 2015 CIDR 4.953106e-05
6,742 AGILE: Adaptive Indexing for Context-Aware Information Filters 2005 SIGMOD 4.9432585e-05
6,764 The hBII-tree: A Modified hB-tree Supporting Concurrency, Recovery and Node Consolidation 1995 VLDB 4.9330419e-05
6,770 An Incremental Hausdorff Distance Calculation Algorithm 2011 VLDB 4.9317829e-05
6,778 A New Method for Similarity Indexing of Market Basket Data 1999 SIGMOD 4.9284526e-05
6,852 Spatial Joins in Main Memory: Implementation Matters! 2015 VLDB 4.9078179e-05
6,946 Efficient Probabilistic Reverse Nearest Neighbor Query Processing on Uncertain Data 2011 VLDB 4.8909775e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5 The K-D-B-Tree: A Search Structure for Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes 1981 SIGMOD 0.0018397217
19 Interval Hierarchies And Their Application To Predicate Files 1977 SIGMOD 0.00091625014
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