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R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching

Summary: R-tree, a dynamic index for multidimensional spatial data; supports non-zero sized objects with bounding rectangles. Algorithms for search and update; empirical tests show strong performance and applicability to modern spatial DBs. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
2233
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
1984
Pagerank
0.0032169493
Overall Rank
2 | 99.99%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 379 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
6,984 Replicated Layout for In-Memory Database Systems 2022 VLDB 4.873081e-05
7,005 Indexing the Edges – A simple and yet efficient approach to high-dimensional indexing 2000 PODS 4.8654221e-05
7,042 LMSFC: A Novel Multidimensional Index based on Learned Monotonic Space Filling Curves 2023 VLDB 4.8541986e-05
7,049 Continuous Obstructed Nearest Neighbor Queries in Spatial Databases 2009 SIGMOD 4.8505287e-05
7,054 Theoretically Optimal and Empirically Efficient R-trees with Strong Parallelizability 2018 VLDB 4.8496866e-05
7,120 Location-Aware Pub/Sub System: When Continuous Moving Queries Meet Dynamic Event Streams 2015 SIGMOD 4.8260729e-05
7,203 Indexing Methods for Moving Object Databases: Games and Other Applications 2013 SIGMOD 4.8019323e-05
7,204 ARKGraph: All-Range Approximate K-Nearest-Neighbor Graph 2023 VLDB 4.8015761e-05
7,239 Efficient Data-aware Distance Comparison Operations for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 4.792836e-05
7,254 DEX: Query Execution in a Delta-based Storage System 2017 SIGMOD 4.7885915e-05
7,265 Efficient Computation of Top-k Frequent Terms over Spatio-temporal Ranges 2017 SIGMOD 4.7834983e-05
7,466 Managing Complex Objects in an Extensible Relational DBMS 1989 VLDB 4.7219717e-05
7,519 A Trajectory Splitting Model for Efficient Spatio-Temporal Indexing 2005 VLDB 4.7180617e-05
7,540 Boosting Spatial Pruning: On Optimal Pruning of MBRs 2010 SIGMOD 4.7159549e-05
7,544 A Topology-Aware Localized Update Strategy for Graph-Based ANN Index 2026 VLDB 4.7149033e-05
7,559 Strongly Truthful Interactive Regret Minimization 2019 SIGMOD 4.7107487e-05
7,578 Scaling and Time Warping in Time Series Querying 2005 VLDB 4.7061534e-05
7,585 Query Processing Techniques for Multiversion Access Methods 1996 VLDB 4.7037113e-05
7,611 UNIFY: Unified Index for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbors Search 2025 VLDB 4.6964271e-05
7,636 On Nearest Neighbor Indexing of Nonlinear Trajectories 2003 PODS 4.6907372e-05
7,729 Processing and Optimization of Multiway Spatial Joins Using R-trees 1999 PODS 4.6660821e-05
7,772 K-Anonymization as Spatial Indexing: Toward Scalable and Incremental Anonymization 2007 VLDB 4.6554316e-05
7,777 Indexing Mixed Types for Approximate Retrieval 2005 VLDB 4.653704e-05
7,791 Similarity Search on Bregman Divergence: Towards Non-Metric Indexing 2009 VLDB 4.6502309e-05
7,837 GTI: Graph-based Tree Index with Logarithm Updates for Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2025 VLDB 4.6379694e-05
8,011 Constraint-Based Query Optimization for Spatial Databases 1991 PODS 4.6065603e-05
8,065 The HV-tree: a Memory Hierarchy Aware Version Index 2010 VLDB 4.5937864e-05
8,171 GTS: GPU-based Tree Index for Fast Similarity Search 2024 SIGMOD 4.5688498e-05
8,201 Efficient Geometry-based Similarity Search of 3D Spatial Databases 1999 SIGMOD 4.5599694e-05
8,223 Maintenance of Spatial Semijoin Queries on Moving Points 2004 VLDB 4.5553657e-05
8,357 Cubrick: Indexing Millions of Records per Second for Interactive Analytics 2016 VLDB 4.5373339e-05
8,359 Waffle: A Workload-Aware and Query-Sensitive Framework for Disk-Based Spatial Indexing 2023 VLDB 4.5372925e-05
8,472 Rapidash: Efficient Detection of Constraint Violations 2024 VLDB 4.5036378e-05
8,474 Adaptive Index Structures 2002 VLDB 4.5029015e-05
8,546 I/O-Efficient Planar Range Skyline and Attrition Priority Queues 2013 PODS 4.4937074e-05
8,575 THERMAL-JOIN: A Scalable Spatial Join for Dynamic Workloads 2015 SIGMOD 4.4928872e-05
8,580 LIT: Lightning-fast In-memory Temporal Indexing 2024 SIGMOD 4.492241e-05
8,592 Boosting Moving Object Indexing through Velocity Partitioning 2012 VLDB 4.4894309e-05
8,601 The Impact of Global Clustering on Spatial Database Systems 1994 VLDB 4.4875358e-05
8,629 Spatial Queries with Two kNN Predicates 2012 VLDB 4.4809879e-05
8,650 HAP: An Efficient Hamming Space Index Based on Augmented Pigeonhole Principle 2022 SIGMOD 4.4761716e-05
8,656 Dynamic Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 4.4737647e-05
8,679 The PH-Tree – A Space-Efficient Storage Structure and Multi-Dimensional Index 2014 SIGMOD 4.4697591e-05
8,693 A Generalized Approach for Reducing Expensive Distance Calls for A Broad Class of Proximity Problems 2021 SIGMOD 4.466142e-05
8,709 Incremental Partitioning for Efficient Spatial Data Analytics 2022 VLDB 4.4638829e-05
8,758 Hyperspace: The Indexing Subsystem of Azure Synapse 2021 VLDB 4.456315e-05
8,763 Smooth Tradeoffs between Insert and Query Complexity in Nearest Neighbor Search 2015 PODS 4.456315e-05
8,810 Spatial Priority Search: An Access Technique for Scaleless Maps 1991 SIGMOD 4.4442316e-05
8,857 Distributed Evaluation of Top-k Temporal Joins 2016 SIGMOD 4.4345027e-05
8,894 Are Window Queries Representative For Arbitrary Range Queries? 1996 PODS 4.4274507e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
5 The K-D-B-Tree: A Search Structure for Large Multidimensional Dynamic Indexes 1981 SIGMOD 0.0018397217
19 Interval Hierarchies And Their Application To Predicate Files 1977 SIGMOD 0.00091625014
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