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A Critique of ANSI SQL Isolation Levels

Summary: ANSI SQL-92 isolation levels critiqued: phenomena-based criteria and locking semantics mischaracterize common levels. Investigates ambiguity, formalizes phenomena, introduces new ones, and defines Snapshot Isolation as a central multiversion isolation type. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
2783
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
1995
Pagerank
0.00083894938
Overall Rank
23 | 99.85%
DOI
-

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 134 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4,103 Hybrid Garbage Collection for Multi-Version Concurrency Control in SAP HANA 2016 SIGMOD 6.4519655e-05
4,343 Quantifying Isolation Anomalies 2009 VLDB 6.2757607e-05
4,347 Tunable Consistency in MongoDB 2019 VLDB 6.269146e-05
4,453 MorphoSys: Automatic Physical Design Metamorphosis for Distributed Database Systems 2020 VLDB 6.1723632e-05
4,597 Scalable Replay-Based Replication For Fast Databases 2017 VLDB 6.0588467e-05
4,634 SlimChain: Scaling Blockchain Transactions through Off-Chain Storage and Parallel Processing 2021 VLDB 6.0339819e-05
4,642 Fast Scans on Key-Value Stores 2017 VLDB 6.0267293e-05
4,662 Nova-LSM: A Distributed, Component-based LSM-tree Key-value Store 2021 SIGMOD 6.013415e-05
4,809 Minimizing Commit Latency of Transactions in Geo-Replicated Data Stores 2015 SIGMOD 5.9084917e-05
5,005 Adaptive HTAP through Elastic Resource Scheduling 2020 SIGMOD 5.7641797e-05
5,125 The Art of Balance: A RateupDBTM Experience of Building a CPU/GPU Hybrid Database Product 2021 VLDB 5.679423e-05
5,407 Remus: Efficient Live Migration for Distributed Databases with Snapshot Isolation 2022 SIGMOD 5.5242392e-05
5,647 ConfluxDB: Multi-Master Replication for Partitioned Snapshot Isolation Databases 2014 VLDB 5.3917393e-05
5,822 Ad Hoc Transactions in Web Applications: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly 2022 SIGMOD 5.313161e-05
5,848 MaSM: Efficient Online Updates in Data Warehouses 2011 SIGMOD 5.3021155e-05
5,940 ByShard: Sharding in a Byzantine Environment 2021 VLDB 5.2639965e-05
6,246 Taking Omid to the Clouds: Fast, Scalable Transactions for Real-Time Cloud Analytics 2018 VLDB 5.1389356e-05
6,256 Scalable Transactions across Heterogeneous NoSQL Key-Value Data Stores 2013 VLDB 5.1367472e-05
6,332 Long-lived Transactions Made Less Harmful 2020 SIGMOD 5.1070098e-05
6,550 C5: Cloned Concurrency Control that Always Keeps Up 2023 VLDB 5.0172008e-05
6,578 Madeus: Database Live Migration Middleware under Heavy Workloads for Cloud Environment 2015 SIGMOD 5.0037147e-05
6,592 Scalable Database Logging for Multicores 2018 VLDB 5.0000872e-05
6,660 ArkDB: A Key-Value Engine for Scalable Cloud Storage Services 2021 SIGMOD 4.9708868e-05
6,731 Serializable Snapshot Isolation for Replicated Databases in High-Update Scenarios 2011 VLDB 4.9479409e-05
6,860 From Cooperative Scans to Predictive Buffer Management 2012 VLDB 4.9055084e-05
6,929 The Microsoft Repository 1997 VLDB 4.8925595e-05
7,077 Skeena: Efficient and Consistent Cross-Engine Transactions 2022 SIGMOD 4.8425226e-05
7,165 A Lightweight and Efficient Temporal Database Management System in TDSQL 2019 VLDB 4.8130937e-05
7,478 Debugging Transactions and Tracking their Provenance with Reenactment 2017 VLDB 4.7184026e-05
7,583 Transaction Scheduling: From Conflicts to Runtime Conflicts 2023 SIGMOD 4.7042034e-05
7,587 Disseminating Updates on Broadcast Disks 1996 VLDB 4.7034607e-05
7,735 AeonG: An Efficient Built-in Temporal Support in Graph Databases 2024 VLDB 4.6644355e-05
7,896 An Analysis of Concurrency Control Protocols for In-Memory Databases with CCBench 2020 VLDB 4.623192e-05
7,907 Petabyte-Scale Row-Level Operations in Data Lakehouses 2024 VLDB 4.6205839e-05
8,001 Rethinking Stateful Stream Processing with RDMA 2022 SIGMOD 4.6092573e-05
8,106 Resumable Online Index Rebuild in SQL Server 2017 VLDB 4.5847706e-05
8,192 Scalable and Robust Snapshot Isolation for High-Performance Storage Engines 2023 VLDB 4.562388e-05
8,264 Using Versions in Update Transactions: Application to Integrity Checking 1997 VLDB 4.5464184e-05
8,473 Append is Near: Log-based Data Management on ZNS SSDs 2022 CIDR 4.5031181e-05
8,489 ScalarDB: Universal Transaction Manager for Polystores 2023 VLDB 4.4998278e-05
8,519 Extending Polaris to Support Transactions 2024 SIGMOD 4.494088e-05
8,785 Bringing Cloud-Native Storage to SAP IQ 2021 SIGMOD 4.4522556e-05
8,800 Efficient Black-box Checking of Snapshot Isolation in Databases 2023 VLDB 4.4486165e-05
8,806 Online Schema Evolution is (Almost) Free for Snapshot Databases 2023 VLDB 4.446517e-05
8,879 ConsAD: A Real-Time Consistency Anomalies Detector 2012 SIGMOD 4.4301702e-05
9,027 Asymmetric-Partition Replication for Highly Scalable Distributed Transaction Processing in Practice 2020 VLDB 4.4044295e-05
9,233 Low-Latency Transaction Scheduling via Userspace Interrupts: Why Wait or Yield When You Can Preempt? 2025 SIGMOD 4.3690661e-05
9,457 Sharing Opportunities for OLTP Workloads in Different Isolation Levels 2020 VLDB 4.3382555e-05
9,722 NOC-NOC: Towards Performance-optimal Distributed Transactions 2024 SIGMOD 4.2959935e-05
9,745 GTX: A Write-Optimized Latch-free Graph Data System with Transactional Support 2025 SIGMOD 4.2897489e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 1 of 1 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
26 The Design Of The Postgres Storage System 1987 VLDB 0.00082378685
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