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A Learned Sketch for Subgraph Counting

Summary: Active Learned Sketch for Subgraph Counting (ALSS) fuses a neural regression sketch with an active-learning loop to update on new query graphs. Targets large labeled graphs, enabling accurate, scalable subgraph counting and aiding optimizers for multi-way self-joins. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
6242
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2021
Pagerank
7.56675e-05
Overall Rank
3,283 | 77.48%
DOI
10.1145/3448016.3457289

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{zhao_sigmod21,
        title = {{A Learned Sketch for Subgraph Counting}},
        author = {Zhao, Kangfei and Yu, Jeffrey Xu and Zhang, Hao and Li, Qiyan and Rong, Yu},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '21},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3448016.3457289},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3448016.3457289},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 19 of 19 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2,731 Neural Subgraph Counting with Wasserstein Estimator 2022 SIGMOD 8.1959181e-05
2,873 Query Driven-Graph Neural Networks for Community Search: From Non-Attributed, Attributed, to Interactive Attributed 2022 VLDB 8.0099557e-05
3,423 Computing Graph Edit Distance via Neural Graph Matching 2023 VLDB 7.4260662e-05
4,368 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.7393882e-05
5,942 Cardinality Estimation of Subgraph Matching: A Filtering-Sampling Approach 2024 VLDB 6.0334209e-05
6,341 Cardinality Estimation over Knowledge Graphs with Embeddings and Graph Neural Networks 2024 SIGMOD 5.9068986e-05
7,716 Double-Anonymous Sketch: Achieving Top-K-fairness for Finding Global Top-K Frequent Items 2023 SIGMOD 5.5605526e-05
8,126 Computing Approximate Graph Edit Distance via Optimal Transport 2025 SIGMOD 5.4827332e-05
8,251 Fast Local Subgraph Counting 2024 VLDB 5.4574671e-05
8,256 Machine Learning for Subgraph Extraction: Methods, Applications and Challenges 2023 VLDB 5.4574671e-05
8,310 TreeSensing: Linearly Compressing Sketches with Flexibility 2023 SIGMOD 5.4556836e-05
9,617 NeuSO: Neural Optimizer for Subgraph Queries 2026 SIGMOD 5.2434488e-05
9,782 Inductive Attributed Community Search: to Learn Communities across Graphs 2024 VLDB 5.2209769e-05
9,867 SPACE: Cardinality Estimation for Path Queries Using Cardinality-Aware Sequence-based Learning 2025 SIGMOD 5.2043672e-05
9,996 Path-centric Cardinality Estimation for Subgraph Matching 2025 VLDB 5.1814573e-05
10,452 Enumerating Graph Pattern Matches with ML Oracles 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,877 Efficient and Adaptive Estimation of Local Triadic Coefficients 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,885 Efficient and Accurate Subgraph Counting: A Bottom-up Flow-learning Based Approach 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,165 gSWORD: GPU-accelerated Sampling for Subgraph Counting 2024 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 29 of 29 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
18 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059284255
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035838391
211 EmptyHeaded: A Relational Engine for Graph Processing 2016 SIGMOD 0.00024797217
294 Graphs-at-a-time: Query Language and Access Methods for Graph Databases 2008 SIGMOD 0.00022253507
321 Worst-Case Optimal Join Algorithms: Techniques, Results, and Open Problems 2018 PODS 0.00021283186
323 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021264788
401 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019092557
431 Taming Verification Hardness: An Efficient Algorithm for Testing Subgraph Isomorphism 2008 VLDB 0.00018577017
465 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001803934
593 Wander Join: Online Aggregation via Random Walks 2016 SIGMOD 0.00016027871
659 Efficient Subgraph Matching by Postponing Cartesian Products 2016 SIGMOD 0.00015214062
697 Selectivity Estimation for Range Predicates using Lightweight Models 2019 VLDB 0.00014888851
737 Join Size Estimation Subject to Filter Conditions 2015 VLDB 0.00014490983
802 Random Sampling over Joins Revisited 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013907725
809 Optimizing Subgraph Queries by Combining Binary and Worst-Case Optimal Joins 2019 VLDB 0.00013874588
814 Hypertree Decompositions: Questions and Answers 2016 PODS 0.00013841737
1,006 Efficient Subgraph Matching: Harmonizing Dynamic Programming, Adaptive Matching Order, and Failing Set Together 2019 SIGMOD 0.00012699518
1,102 CECI: Compact Embedding Cluster Index for Scalable Subgraph Matching 2019 SIGMOD 0.00012166591
1,109 What do Shannon-type Inequalities, Submodular Width, and Disjunctive Datalog have to do with one another? 2017 PODS 0.00012142685
1,237 In-Memory Subgraph Matching: An In-depth Study 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011545768
1,246 Distributed Evaluation of Subgraph Queries Using Worst-case Optimal Low-Memory Dataflows 2018 VLDB 0.00011504088
1,499 Pessimistic Cardinality Estimation: Tighter Upper Bounds for Intermediate Join Cardinalities 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010564536
1,573 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010328171
1,799 DBEst: Revisiting Approximate Query Processing Engines with Machine Learning Models 2019 SIGMOD 9.7326398e-05
1,968 Homogeneous Network Embedding for Massive Graphs via Reweighted Personalized PageRank 2020 VLDB 9.3752727e-05
2,203 Estimating Join Selectivities using Bandwidth-Optimized Kernel Density Models 2017 VLDB 8.9610447e-05
2,313 Active Learning for ML Enhanced Database Systems 2020 SIGMOD 8.762627e-05
2,940 G-CARE: A Framework for Performance Benchmarking of Cardinality Estimation Techniques for Subgraph Matching 2020 SIGMOD 7.9381573e-05
3,028 Motivo: fast motif counting via succinct color coding and adaptive sampling 2019 VLDB 7.8349117e-05
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