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Cypher: An Evolving Query Language for Property Graphs

Summary: Cypher 9, governed by openCypher Implementers Group, evolves Neo4j property-graph language. Formalizes read queries, ASCII Art pattern matching, and outlines Cypher 10 for compositionality, graph projections, and multi-graph support. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
5491
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2018
Pagerank
0.00015996188
Overall Rank
600 | 95.84%
DOI
10.1145/3183713.3190657

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 56 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
880 G-CORE: A Core for Future Graph Query Languages 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013506399
1,628 PG-Schema: Schemas for Property Graphs 2023 SIGMOD 0.000102427
1,874 Graph Pattern Matching in GQL and SQL/PGQ 2022 SIGMOD 9.6607134e-05
2,819 PG-Keys: Keys for Property Graphs 2021 SIGMOD 8.1414673e-05
2,883 RaSQL: Greater Power and Performance for Big Data Analytics with Recursive-aggregate-SQL on Spark 2019 SIGMOD 8.0671021e-05
3,014 GraphScope: A Unified Engine For Big Graph Processing 2021 VLDB 7.9158581e-05
3,288 Columnar Storage and List-based Processing for Graph Database Management Systems 2021 VLDB 7.6174425e-05
4,435 Testing Graph Database Systems via Graph-Aware Metamorphic Relations 2024 VLDB 6.7601732e-05
4,790 Presto: A Decade of SQL Analytics at Meta 2023 SIGMOD 6.5737631e-05
4,916 On the Optimization of Recursive Relational Queries: Application to Graph Queries 2020 SIGMOD 6.5114629e-05
5,311 Evolution of a Compiling Query Engine 2021 VLDB 6.3410262e-05
5,356 Representing Paths in Graph Database Pattern Matching 2023 VLDB 6.3218061e-05
5,420 Querying in the Age of Graph Databases and Knowledge Graphs 2021 SIGMOD 6.2956901e-05
5,506 IBM Db2 Graph: Supporting Synergistic and Retrofittable Graph Queries Inside IBM Db2 2020 SIGMOD 6.2623275e-05
5,527 GPC: A Pattern Calculus for Property Graphs 2023 PODS 6.2483672e-05
6,105 Rel: A Programming Language for Relational Data 2025 SIGMOD 6.0380331e-05
6,777 A Hierarchical Contraction Scheme for Querying Big Graphs 2022 SIGMOD 5.8339696e-05
7,472 GQL and SQL/PGQ: Theoretical Models and Expressive Power 2025 VLDB 5.6718637e-05
7,774 Updating Graph Databases with Cypher 2019 VLDB 5.605653e-05
7,845 AeonG: An Efficient Built-in Temporal Support in Graph Databases 2024 VLDB 5.6021364e-05
7,954 DuckPGQ: Efficient Property Graph Queries in an analytical RDBMS 2023 CIDR 5.5743154e-05
8,076 M2Bench: A Database Benchmark for Multi-Model Analytic Workloads 2023 VLDB 5.5509282e-05
8,297 Mammoths Are Slow: The Overlooked Transactions of Graph Data 2024 VLDB 5.5131222e-05
8,689 Conjunctive Regular Path Queries under Injective Semantics 2023 PODS 5.4503789e-05
9,049 Transforming RDF Graphs to Property Graphs using Standardized Schemas 2024 SIGMOD 5.3880466e-05
9,051 Transforming Property Graphs 2024 VLDB 5.3880466e-05
9,087 Enabling Rich Queries Over Heterogeneous Data From Diverse Sources In HealthCare 2020 CIDR 5.386022e-05
9,168 PG-Triggers: Triggers for Property Graphs 2024 SIGMOD 5.371468e-05
9,455 GraphScope Flex: LEGO-like Graph Computing Stack 2024 SIGMOD 5.3291323e-05
9,660 Schema-Based Query Optimisation for Graph Databases 2025 SIGMOD 5.2956801e-05
9,715 SPACE: Cardinality Estimation for Path Queries Using Cardinality-Aware Sequence-based Learning 2025 SIGMOD 5.2849709e-05
9,731 Output-Sensitive Evaluation of Regular Path Queries 2025 PODS 5.2802856e-05
9,781 A Modular Graph-Native Query Optimization Framework 2025 SIGMOD 5.2719963e-05
9,843 Path-centric Cardinality Estimation for Subgraph Matching 2025 VLDB 5.2617062e-05
9,872 Color: A Framework for Applying Graph Coloring to Subgraph Cardinality Estimation 2025 VLDB 5.2547389e-05
9,912 TenGraph: A Tensor-Based Graph Query Engine 2024 VLDB 5.2443653e-05
9,996 Raqlet: Cross-Paradigm Compilation for Recursive Queries 2026 CIDR 5.1725247e-05
10,096 NeuSO: Neural Optimizer for Subgraph Queries 2026 SIGMOD 5.1725247e-05
10,133 A Principled Solution to the Disjunction Problem of Diagrammatic Query Representations 2026 SIGMOD 5.1725247e-05
10,199 R2O: A Dual-Layer Framework for Joint Rewriting and Ordering in Distributed Property Graph Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 5.1725247e-05
10,238 TurboLynx: Schemaless Graph Engine Strikes Back for General-Purpose Analytics 2026 VLDB 5.1725247e-05
10,424 RedTAO: A Trillion-edge High-throughput Graph Store 2025 SIGMOD 5.1725247e-05
10,487 Dangers of List Processing in Querying Property Graphs 2025 SIGMOD 5.1725247e-05
10,495 Finding Logic Bugs in Graph-processing Systems via Graph-cutting 2025 SIGMOD 5.1725247e-05
10,529 LICS: Towards Theory-Informed Effective Visual Abstraction of Property Graph Schemas 2025 SIGMOD 5.1725247e-05
10,581 G-View: View Management for Graph Databases 2025 VLDB 5.1725247e-05
10,738 GraphCSR: A Degree-Equalized CSR Format for Large-scale Graph Processing 2025 VLDB 5.1725247e-05
10,769 TuskFlow: An Efficient Graph Database for Long-Running Transactions 2025 VLDB 5.1725247e-05
10,808 GraphAr: An Efficient Storage Scheme for Graph Data in Data Lakes 2025 VLDB 5.1725247e-05
10,849 Versatile Property Graph Transformations 2025 VLDB 5.1725247e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0024179717
26 Efficiently Compiling Efficient Query Plans for Modern Hardware 2011 VLDB 0.00054892115
314 A Graphical Query Language Supporting Recursion 1987 SIGMOD 0.00021541629
320 GraphLog: a Visual Formalism for Real Life Recursion 1990 PODS 0.00021384279
773 Querying Graph Databases 2013 PODS 0.00014183695
880 G-CORE: A Core for Future Graph Query Languages 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013506399
920 Cosette: An Automated Prover for SQL 2017 CIDR 0.00013269381
1,074 Dynamic Programming Strikes Back 2008 SIGMOD 0.00012416314
1,367 GraphDB: Modeling and Querying Graphs in Databases 1994 VLDB 0.00011120737
3,884 A Formal Semantics of SQL Queries, Its Validation, and Applications 2018 VLDB 7.1049306e-05
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Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank Paper Year Venue Pagerank
292 Graphs-at-a-time: Query Language and Access Methods for Graph Databases 2008 SIGMOD 0.0002223786
1,367 GraphDB: Modeling and Querying Graphs in Databases 1994 VLDB 0.00011120737
9,540 Graph Data Models, Query Languages and Programming Paradigms 2018 VLDB 5.3167122e-05
10,487 Dangers of List Processing in Querying Property Graphs 2025 SIGMOD 5.1725247e-05
5,527 GPC: A Pattern Calculus for Property Graphs 2023 PODS 6.2483672e-05
1,155 Graphflow: An Active Graph Database 2017 SIGMOD 0.00012006336
9,051 Transforming Property Graphs 2024 VLDB 5.3880466e-05
11,098 DTGraph: Declarative Transformations of Property Graphs 2024 VLDB 5.1725247e-05
9,576 Incremental View Maintenance for Property Graph Queries 2018 SIGMOD 5.3128975e-05
7,774 Updating Graph Databases with Cypher 2019 VLDB 5.605653e-05