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HOT: A Height Optimized Trie Index for Main-Memory Database Systems

Summary: Height Optimized Trie (HOT) - in-memory index with per-node dynamic bit-width to maximize fanout and cache locality. Compact node layout and SIMD-accelerated search deliver superior string-key performance and smaller memory footprint vs. state-of-the-art indexes, with competitive integer-key results; a general-purpose main-memory index for DBs. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
5543
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2018
Pagerank
0.00014173956
Overall Rank
1,085 | 92.47%
DOI
10.1145/3183713.3196896

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

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Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 36 of 36 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,438 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.00011965956
2,370 Aria: A Fast and Practical Deterministic OLTP Database 2020 VLDB 8.9457118e-05
2,550 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 8.5569576e-05
3,945 APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory 2022 VLDB 6.605467e-05
4,056 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 6.4905689e-05
4,069 CDFShop: Exploring and Optimizing Learned Index Structures 2020 SIGMOD 6.4744708e-05
4,184 CoroBase: Coroutine-Oriented Main-Memory Database Engine 2021 VLDB 6.3718449e-05
5,323 Can Learned Models Replace Hash Functions? 2023 VLDB 5.5671086e-05
5,776 Epoch-based Commit and Replication in Distributed OLTP Databases 2021 VLDB 5.328271e-05
5,847 Order-Preserving Key Compression for In-Memory Search Trees 2020 SIGMOD 5.3040014e-05
5,857 Spruce: A Fast yet Space-saving Structure for Dynamic Graph Storage 2024 SIGMOD 5.2970837e-05
6,226 When Tree Meets Hash: Reducing Random Reads for Index Structures on Persistent Memories 2023 SIGMOD 5.1413982e-05
6,566 Robust Performance of Main Memory Data Structures by Configuration 2020 SIGMOD 5.0030559e-05
6,742 DEX: Scalable Range Indexing on Disaggregated Memory 2024 VLDB 4.9385502e-05
7,631 Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes: Part Two 2022 VLDB 4.6878629e-05
7,894 LITS: An Optimized Learned Index for Strings 2024 VLDB 4.6196003e-05
7,990 BP-tree: Overcoming the Point-Range Operation Tradeoff for In-Memory B-trees 2023 VLDB 4.6086117e-05
8,080 Hyperion: Building the Largest In-memory Search Tree 2019 SIGMOD 4.5872476e-05
8,100 Hyper: A High-Performance and Memory-Efficient Learned Index via Hybrid Construction 2024 SIGMOD 4.5821762e-05
8,245 Index Checkpoints for Instant Recovery in In-Memory Database Systems 2022 VLDB 4.5463745e-05
8,595 OptiQL: Robust Optimistic Locking for Memory-Optimized Indexes 2023 SIGMOD 4.4844188e-05
9,221 Diva: Dynamic Range Filter for Var-Length Keys and Queries 2025 VLDB 4.366098e-05
9,355 GIO: Generating Efficient Matrix and Frame Readers for Custom Data Formats by Example 2023 SIGMOD 4.3484264e-05
9,370 FluidKV: Seamlessly Bridging the Gap between Indexing Performance and Memory-Footprint on Ultra-Fast Storage 2024 VLDB 4.3461752e-05
9,467 Disco: A Compact Index for LSM-trees 2025 SIGMOD 4.3309383e-05
9,595 High-Ratio Compression for Machine-Generated Data 2023 SIGMOD 4.3153078e-05
9,745 Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective? 2025 VLDB 4.2856385e-05
10,038 Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
10,257 SIDLE: Tree-structure Aware Indexes for CXL-based Heterogeneous Memory 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,331 LiBox: A Learned Index as an Array to Minimize Last-Mile Search 2026 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,571 FB+-tree: A Memory-Optimized B+-tree with Latch-Free Update 2025 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
10,952 SWIX: A Memory-efficient Sliding Window Learned Index 2024 SIGMOD 4.1905499e-05
11,078 LavaStore: ByteDance's Purpose-built, High-performance, Cost-effective Local Storage Engine for Cloud Services 2024 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
11,231 Blink-hash: An Adaptive Hybrid Index for In-Memory Time-Series Databases 2023 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
11,406 DBMS Annihilator: A High-Performance Database Workload Generator in Action 2022 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
11,603 Dynamic Interleaving of Content and Structure for Robust Indexing of Semi-Structured Hierarchical Data 2020 VLDB 4.1905499e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
104 Making B+-Trees Cache Conscious in Main Memory 2000 SIGMOD 0.00049475932
136 H-Store: A High-Performance, Distributed Main Memory Transaction Processing System 2008 VLDB 0.00042409816
343 Implementing Database Operations Using SIMD Instructions 2002 SIGMOD 0.00026756534
382 FAST: Fast Architecture Sensitive Tree Search on Modern CPUs and GPUs 2010 SIGMOD 0.00024888997
622 Improving Index Performance through Prefetching 2001 SIGMOD 0.00018976783
756 FOEDUS: OLTP Engine for a Thousand Cores and NVRAM 2015 SIGMOD 0.00017079523
1,169 SuRF: Practical Range Query Filtering with Fast Succinct Tries 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013530267
1,300 Reducing the Storage Overhead of Main-Memory OLTP Databases with Hybrid Indexes 2016 SIGMOD 0.00012711153
2,313 Building a Bw-Tree Takes More Than Just Buzz Words 2018 SIGMOD 9.0546844e-05
3,630 To Lock, Swap, or Elide: On the Interplay of Hardware Transactional Memory and Lock-Free Indexing 2015 VLDB 6.8989362e-05
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