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Are Joins over LSM-trees Ready? Take RocksDB as an Example

Summary: Exhaustive study and benchmark of join methods over LSM-trees (RocksDB), defining a configuration space of join algorithms, secondary index designs, and consistency strategies. Theoretical cost analysis plus unified implementations show how LSM read/write trade-offs reorder join performance and yield practical selection guidance. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
13967
Venue
VLDB
Year
2025
Pagerank
5.2634238e-05
Overall Rank
9,465 | 35.07%
DOI
10.14778/3717755.3717767

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{yu_vldb25,
        title = {{Are Joins over LSM-trees Ready? Take RocksDB as an Example}},
        author = {Yu, Weiping and Wang, Fan and Zhang, Xuwei and Luo, Siqiang},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '25},
        volume = {14},
        number = {4},
        pages = {1077--1090},
        doi = {10.14778/3717755.3717767},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3717755.3717767},
        year = {2025}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 45 of 45 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
7 Implementation Techniques For Main Memory Database Systems 1984 SIGMOD 0.00083340894
18 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059284255
154 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00028726181
208 CockroachDB: The Resilient Geo-Distributed SQL Database 2020 SIGMOD 0.00024968157
232 LinkBench: a Database Benchmark Based on the Facebook Social Graph 2013 SIGMOD 0.00023830978
323 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021264788
378 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019638121
446 Monkey: Optimal Navigable Key-Value Store 2017 SIGMOD 0.00018332392
465 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001803934
477 The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds 2020 VLDB 0.00017851226
513 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017190574
563 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.0001650812
831 Dostoevsky: Better Space-Time Trade-Offs for LSM-Tree Based Key-Value Stores via Adaptive Removal of Superfluous Merging 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013748512
847 Benchmarking Learned Indexes 2021 VLDB 0.0001365768
1,015 AsterixDB: A Scalable, Open Source BDMS 2014 VLDB 0.00012647763
1,213 MyRocks: LSM-Tree Database Storage Engine Serving Facebook's Social Graph 2020 VLDB 0.00011646797
1,265 An Experimental Comparison of Thirteen Relational Equi-Joins in Main Memory 2016 SIGMOD 0.00011415709
1,347 X-Engine: An Optimized Storage Engine for Large-scale E-commerce Transaction Processing 2019 SIGMOD 0.00011073571
1,389 Realtime Data Processing at Facebook 2016 SIGMOD 0.00010943767
1,502 The Log-Structured Merge-Bush & the Wacky Continuum 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010557694
1,616 The Data Calculator*: Data Structure Design and Cost Synthesis from First Principles and Learned Cost Models 2018 SIGMOD 0.00010213691
1,876 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.5717543e-05
1,942 Design Continuums and the Path Toward Self-Designing Key-Value Stores that Know and Learn 2019 CIDR 9.4451535e-05
2,698 Rosetta: A Robust Space-Time Optimized Range Filter for Key-Value Stores 2020 SIGMOD 8.2450522e-05
2,970 Accordion: Better Memory Organization for LSM Key-Value Stores 2018 VLDB 7.9122212e-05
2,991 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.8880723e-05
3,054 Spooky: Granulating LSM-Tree Compactions Correctly 2022 VLDB 7.8090808e-05
3,086 A Unified Deep Model of Learning from both Data and Queries for Cardinality Estimation 2021 SIGMOD 7.7708642e-05
3,577 Cosine: A Cloud-Cost Optimized Self-Designing Key-Value Storage Engine 2022 VLDB 7.2930211e-05
4,119 Proteus: A Self-Designing Range Filter 2022 SIGMOD 6.8907395e-05
4,138 A Disk-Based Join With Probabilistic Guarantees* 2005 SIGMOD 6.8779166e-05
4,779 LogKV: Exploiting Key-Value Stores for Event Log Processing 2013 CIDR 6.5125667e-05
4,945 Lightweight Cardinality Estimation in LSM-based Systems 2018 SIGMOD 6.4321265e-05
5,012 A Comparative Study of Secondary Indexing Techniques in LSM-based NoSQL Databases 2018 SIGMOD 6.4015289e-05
5,226 Breaking Down Memory Walls: Adaptive Memory Management in LSM-based Storage Systems 2021 VLDB 6.3090383e-05
5,261 Oasis: An Optimal Disjoint Segmented Learned Range Filter 2024 VLDB 6.2955539e-05
5,284 SQLite: Past, Present, and Future 2022 VLDB 6.2827906e-05
5,766 Endure: A Robust Tuning Paradigm for LSM Trees Under Workload Uncertainty 2022 VLDB 6.094771e-05
6,843 Learning to Optimize LSM-trees: Towards A Reinforcement Learning based Key-Value Store for Dynamic Workloads 2023 SIGMOD 5.7573899e-05
7,459 Efficient Data Ingestion and Query Processing for LSM-Based Storage Systems 2019 VLDB 5.6119467e-05
7,757 CAMAL: Optimizing LSM-trees via Active Learning 2024 SIGMOD 5.5508469e-05
8,234 The Case for Learned In-Memory Joins 2023 VLDB 5.460955e-05
8,494 POLAR: Adaptive and Non-invasive Join Order Selection via Plans of Least Resistance 2024 VLDB 5.4142129e-05
8,904 A Design Space Exploration and Evaluation for Main-Memory Hash Joins in Storage Class Memory 2023 VLDB 5.3483178e-05
9,021 Structural Designs Meet Optimality: Exploring Optimized LSM-tree Structures in A Colossal Configuration Space 2024 SIGMOD 5.3305499e-05
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