PG-Keys: Keys for Property Graphs
Summary: PG-Keys proposes a flexible key-constraint framework for property graphs (nodes, edges, properties) with modes exclusive, mandatory, and singleton to enforce data integrity and enable cross-entity referencing. Built by LDBC's Property Graph Schema WG to steer ISO GQL standardization toward constraint-aware, expressive graph schemas. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Authors
- 1. Renzo Angles (University of Talca)
- 2. Angela Bonifati (Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University)
- 3. Stefania Dumbrava (ENSIIE; Institut Polytechnique de Paris)
- 4. George Fletcher (Eindhoven University of Technology)
- 5. Keith W. Hare (JCC Consulting; Neo4j)
- 6. Jan Hidders (Birkbeck, University of London)
- 7. Victor E. Lee (TigerGraph)
- 8. Bei Li (Google)
- 9. Leonid Libkin (Neo4j; University of Edinburgh; École Normale Supérieure)
- 10. Wim Martens (University of Bayreuth)
- 11. Filip Murlak (University of Warsaw)
- 12. Josh Perryman (Interos Inc.)
- 13. Ognjen Savković (Free University of Bolzano)
- 14. Michael Schmidt (Amazon)
- 15. Juan Sequeda (data.world)
- 16. Sławek Staworko (University of Lille)
- 17. Dominik Tomaszuk (University of Bialystok)
BibTeX Citation
@inproceedings{angles_sigmod21,
title = {{PG-Keys: Keys for Property Graphs}},
author = {Angles, Renzo and Bonifati, Angela and Dumbrava, Stefania and Fletcher, George and Hare, Keith W. and Hidders, Jan and Lee, Victor E. and Li, Bei and Libkin, Leonid and Martens, Wim and Murlak, Filip and Perryman, Josh and Savković, Ognjen and Schmidt, Michael and Sequeda, Juan and Staworko, Sławek and Tomaszuk, Dominik},
series = {{SIGMOD} '21},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
doi = {10.1145/3448016.3457561},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3448016.3457561},
year = {2021}
}
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