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Cypher: An Evolving Query Language for Property Graphs

Summary: Cypher 9, governed by openCypher Implementers Group, evolves Neo4j property-graph language. Formalizes read queries, ASCII Art pattern matching, and outlines Cypher 10 for compositionality, graph projections, and multi-graph support. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
5552
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2018
Pagerank
0.00016731552
Overall Rank
547 | 96.25%
DOI
10.1145/3183713.3190657

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{francis_sigmod18,
        title = {{Cypher: An Evolving Query Language for Property Graphs}},
        author = {Francis, Nadime and Green, Alastair and Guagliardo, Paolo and Libkin, Leonid and Lindaaker, Tobias and Marsault, Victor and Plantikow, Stefan and Rydberg, Mats and Selmer, Petra and Taylor, Andrés},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '18},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3183713.3190657},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3183713.3190657},
        year = {2018}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 60 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
900 G-CORE: A Core for Future Graph Query Languages 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013337186
1,661 PG-Schema: Schemas for Property Graphs 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010079134
1,836 Graph Pattern Matching in GQL and SQL/PGQ 2022 SIGMOD 9.6489549e-05
2,861 PG-Keys: Keys for Property Graphs 2021 SIGMOD 8.0212883e-05
2,915 GraphScope: A Unified Engine For Big Graph Processing 2021 VLDB 7.9666977e-05
2,935 RaSQL: Greater Power and Performance for Big Data Analytics with Recursive-aggregate-SQL on Spark 2019 SIGMOD 7.9444531e-05
3,357 Columnar Storage and List-based Processing for Graph Database Management Systems 2021 VLDB 7.4904874e-05
4,129 Testing Graph Database Systems via Graph-Aware Metamorphic Relations 2024 VLDB 6.8840169e-05
4,705 Presto: A Decade of SQL Analytics at Meta 2023 SIGMOD 6.5529421e-05
4,972 On the Optimization of Recursive Relational Queries: Application to Graph Queries 2020 SIGMOD 6.4193234e-05
5,376 Evolution of a Compiling Query Engine 2021 VLDB 6.2415397e-05
5,418 Representing Paths in Graph Database Pattern Matching 2023 VLDB 6.2255373e-05
5,425 GPC: A Pattern Calculus for Property Graphs 2023 PODS 6.223218e-05
5,453 Querying in the Age of Graph Databases and Knowledge Graphs 2021 SIGMOD 6.2137771e-05
5,721 IBM Db2 Graph: Supporting Synergistic and Retrofittable Graph Queries Inside IBM Db2 2020 SIGMOD 6.1090232e-05
5,761 Rel: A Programming Language for Relational Data 2025 SIGMOD 6.0957569e-05
6,876 A Hierarchical Contraction Scheme for Querying Big Graphs 2022 SIGMOD 5.7483615e-05
6,999 DuckPGQ: Efficient Property Graph Queries in an analytical RDBMS 2023 CIDR 5.7291934e-05
7,603 GQL and SQL/PGQ: Theoretical Models and Expressive Power 2025 VLDB 5.5853593e-05
7,895 Updating Graph Databases with Cypher 2019 VLDB 5.52019e-05
7,897 AeonG: An Efficient Built-in Temporal Support in Graph Databases 2024 VLDB 5.5196714e-05
8,190 Conjunctive Regular Path Queries under Injective Semantics 2023 PODS 5.4700577e-05
8,208 M2Bench: A Database Benchmark for Multi-Model Analytic Workloads 2023 VLDB 5.4665936e-05
8,411 Mammoths Are Slow: The Overlooked Transactions of Graph Data 2024 VLDB 5.4309351e-05
9,185 Transforming RDF Graphs to Property Graphs using Standardized Schemas 2024 SIGMOD 5.3058708e-05
9,187 Transforming Property Graphs 2024 VLDB 5.3058708e-05
9,222 Enabling Rich Queries Over Heterogeneous Data From Diverse Sources In HealthCare 2020 CIDR 5.3038896e-05
9,235 Output-Sensitive Evaluation of Regular Path Queries 2025 PODS 5.3016261e-05
9,308 PG-Triggers: Triggers for Property Graphs 2024 SIGMOD 5.289545e-05
9,593 GraphScope Flex: LEGO-like Graph Computing Stack 2024 SIGMOD 5.2511057e-05
9,617 NeuSO: Neural Optimizer for Subgraph Queries 2026 SIGMOD 5.2434488e-05
9,811 Schema-Based Query Optimisation for Graph Databases 2025 SIGMOD 5.214913e-05
9,866 Finding Logic Bugs in Graph-processing Systems via Graph-cutting 2025 SIGMOD 5.2043672e-05
9,867 SPACE: Cardinality Estimation for Path Queries Using Cardinality-Aware Sequence-based Learning 2025 SIGMOD 5.2043672e-05
9,942 A Modular Graph-Native Query Optimization Framework 2025 SIGMOD 5.1915905e-05
9,996 Path-centric Cardinality Estimation for Subgraph Matching 2025 VLDB 5.1814573e-05
10,027 Color: A Framework for Applying Graph Coloring to Subgraph Cardinality Estimation 2025 VLDB 5.1745962e-05
10,060 TenGraph: A Tensor-Based Graph Query Engine 2024 VLDB 5.166346e-05
10,143 Raqlet: Cross-Paradigm Compilation for Recursive Queries 2026 CIDR 5.093636e-05
10,146 Acyclic Conjunctive Regular Path Queries are no Harder than Corresponding Conjunctive Queries 2026 PODS 5.093636e-05
10,167 A Logical View of GNN-Style Computation and the Role of Activation Functions 2026 PODS 5.093636e-05
10,190 AgenticScholar: Agentic Data Management with Pipeline Orchestration for Scholarly Corpora 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,420 SG-Serve: Efficient Model Serving for Subgraph-based Graph Representation Learning 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,422 A Principled Solution to the Disjunction Problem of Diagrammatic Query Representations 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,488 R2O: A Dual-Layer Framework for Joint Rewriting and Ordering in Distributed Property Graph Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,526 TurboLynx: Schemaless Graph Engine Strikes Back for General-Purpose Analytics 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,698 RedTAO: A Trillion-edge High-throughput Graph Store 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,756 Dangers of List Processing in Querying Property Graphs 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,793 LICS: Towards Theory-Informed Effective Visual Abstraction of Property Graph Schemas 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,837 G-View: View Management for Graph Databases 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 10 of 10 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0024089429
23 Efficiently Compiling Efficient Query Plans for Modern Hardware 2011 VLDB 0.00054886415
300 GraphLog: a Visual Formalism for Real Life Recursion 1990 PODS 0.00022046803
312 A Graphical Query Language Supporting Recursion 1987 SIGMOD 0.00021733819
747 Querying Graph Databases 2013 PODS 0.00014400452
900 G-CORE: A Core for Future Graph Query Languages 2018 SIGMOD 0.00013337186
910 Cosette: An Automated Prover for SQL 2017 CIDR 0.00013285905
1,013 Dynamic Programming Strikes Back 2008 SIGMOD 0.00012652549
1,359 GraphDB: Modeling and Querying Graphs in Databases 1994 VLDB 0.00011040427
3,925 A Formal Semantics of SQL Queries, Its Validation, and Applications 2018 VLDB 7.0140857e-05
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