PG-Schema: Schemas for Property Graphs
Summary: PG-Schema offers a formalism for property graph schemas with PG-Types (multi-inheritance) and PG-Keys-based constraints. Formal syntax/semantics aimed at shaping GQL's rich DDL and boosting graph DBs' schema capabilities. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Authors
- 1. Renzo Angles (University of Talca)
- 2. Angela Bonifati (CNRS; Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University)
- 3. Stefania Dumbrava (ENSIIE; Institut Polytechnique de Paris)
- 4. George Fletcher (Eindhoven University of Technology)
- 5. Alastair Green (Linked Data Benchmark Council)
- 6. Jan Hidders (Birkbeck, University of London)
- 7. Bei Li (Google)
- 8. Leonid Libkin (RelationalAI; University of Edinburgh; École Normale Supérieure)
- 9. Victor Marsault (CNRS; Gustave Eiffel University)
- 10. Wim Martens (University of Bayreuth)
- 11. Filip Murlak (University of Warsaw)
- 12. Stefan Plantikow (Neo4j)
- 13. Ognjen Savković (Free University of Bolzano)
- 14. Michael Schmidt (Amazon)
- 15. Juan Sequeda (data.world)
- 16. Sławek Staworko (RelationalAI; University of Lille)
- 17. Dominik Tomaszuk (University of Bialystok)
- 18. Hannes Voigt (Neo4j)
- 19. Domagoj Vrgoč (Pontifical Catholic University of Chile; University of Zagreb)
- 20. Mingxi Wu (TigerGraph)
- 21. Dušan Živković (Integral Data Solutions)
BibTeX Citation
@inproceedings{angles_sigmod23,
title = {{PG-Schema: Schemas for Property Graphs}},
author = {Angles, Renzo and Bonifati, Angela and Dumbrava, Stefania and Fletcher, George and Green, Alastair and Hidders, Jan and Li, Bei and Libkin, Leonid and Marsault, Victor and Martens, Wim and Murlak, Filip and Plantikow, Stefan and Savković, Ognjen and Schmidt, Michael and Sequeda, Juan and Staworko, Sławek and Tomaszuk, Dominik and Voigt, Hannes and Vrgoč, Domagoj and Wu, Mingxi and Živković, Dušan},
series = {{SIGMOD} '23},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
doi = {10.1145/3589778},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3589778},
year = {2023}
}
Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 29 of 29 citing papers.
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 7 of 7 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
| Rank | Cited Paper | Year | Venue | Pagerank |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 264 | The Ubiquity of Large Graphs and Surprising Challenges of Graph Processing | 2018 | VLDB | 0.00022980015 |
| 547 | Cypher: An Evolving Query Language for Property Graphs | 2018 | SIGMOD | 0.00016731552 |
| 900 | G-CORE: A Core for Future Graph Query Languages | 2018 | SIGMOD | 0.00013337186 |
| 1,836 | Graph Pattern Matching in GQL and SQL/PGQ | 2022 | SIGMOD | 9.6489549e-05 |
| 2,861 | PG-Keys: Keys for Property Graphs | 2021 | SIGMOD | 8.0212883e-05 |
| 7,041 | DiscoPG: Property Graph Schema Discovery and Exploration | 2022 | VLDB | 5.7194994e-05 |
| 9,961 | Threshold Queries in Theory and in the Wild | 2022 | VLDB | 5.1879626e-05 |
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Semantically Similar Papers
| # | Overall Rank | Paper | Year | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 10,538 | Structural Normalization of Property Graphs | 2026 | VLDB |
| 2 | 9,682 | Graph Data Models, Query Languages and Programming Paradigms | 2018 | VLDB |
| 3 | 9,185 | Transforming RDF Graphs to Property Graphs using Standardized Schemas | 2024 | SIGMOD |
| 4 | 1,836 | Graph Pattern Matching in GQL and SQL/PGQ | 2022 | SIGMOD |
| 5 | 11,064 | Property Graph Standards: State of the Art & Open Challenges | 2025 | VLDB |
| 6 | 10,178 | On the Expressiveness of Languages for Querying Property Graphs in Relational Databases | 2026 | PODS |
| 7 | 11,069 | Versatile Property Graph Transformations | 2025 | VLDB |
| 8 | 7,603 | GQL and SQL/PGQ: Theoretical Models and Expressive Power | 2025 | VLDB |
| 9 | 5,425 | GPC: A Pattern Calculus for Property Graphs | 2023 | PODS |
| 10 | 2,861 | PG-Keys: Keys for Property Graphs | 2021 | SIGMOD |