LM-Tree: A Hybrid Learned Index for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces

Summary: Hybrid learned M-Tree for metric-space similarity search: each node adaptively chooses pivots and a lightweight model to boost pruning, avoiding the weak single-pivot vs costly multi-pivot tradeoff. Efficient maintenance supports updates via pivot/model re-optimization, splits, and merges with low overhead. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Apr 11 2026)

Paper ID: 7491
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 2026
Pagerank: 4.1945683e-05
Overall Rank: 10,180 | 29.18%
DOI: 10.1145/3786665

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Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 17 of 17 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
91	M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces	1997	VLDB	0.0005181666
102	The Case for Learned Index Structures	2018	SIGMOD	0.00049545203
216	A Class of Data Structures for Associative Searching	1984	PODS	0.00033542705
575	Distance-Based Indexing For High-Dimensional Metric Spaces	1997	SIGMOD	0.00019882723
708	Near Neighbor Search in Large Metric Spaces	1995	VLDB	0.00017772684
826	ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index	2020	SIGMOD	0.00016224841
1,375	FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure	2019	SIGMOD	0.00012303141
1,478	Learning Multi-dimensional Indexes	2020	SIGMOD	0.00011762542
1,611	Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics	2020	SIGMOD	0.00011147324
1,889	Tsunami: A Learned Multi-dimensional Index for Correlated Data and Skewed Workloads	2021	VLDB	0.00010200865
2,115	LISA: A Learned Index Structure for Spatial Data	2020	SIGMOD	9.5257379e-05
2,678	Effectively Learning Spatial Indices	2020	VLDB	8.3252088e-05
4,646	CARMI: A Cache-Aware Learned Index with a Cost-based Construction Algorithm	2022	VLDB	6.0250374e-05
4,985	Pivot-based Metric Indexing	2017	VLDB	5.7856648e-05
5,572	The RLR-Tree: A Reinforcement Learning Based R-Tree for Spatial Data	2023	SIGMOD	5.4277273e-05
8,636	WISK: A Workload-aware Learned Index for Spatial Keyword Queries	2023	SIGMOD	4.4801284e-05
9,605	Waffle: In-memory Grid Index for Moving Objects with Reinforcement Learning-based Configuration Tuning System	2022	VLDB	4.3177432e-05

Semantically Similar Papers

Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
7,791	Similarity Search on Bregman Divergence: Towards Non-Metric Indexing	2009	VLDB	4.6502309e-05
7,109	Efficient Similarity Join and Search on Multi-Attribute Data	2015	SIGMOD	4.8292998e-05
575	Distance-Based Indexing For High-Dimensional Metric Spaces	1997	SIGMOD	0.00019882723
5,615	A Scalable Index for Top-k Subtree Similarity Queries	2019	SIGMOD	5.4101086e-05
11,504	LES3: Learning-based Exact Set Similarity Search	2021	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
3,199	Similarity Evaluation on Tree-structured Data	2005	SIGMOD	7.3927291e-05
7,654	LiteHST: A Tree Embedding based Method for Similarity Search	2023	SIGMOD	4.687476e-05
9,283	Adaptive Indexing in High-Dimensional Metric Spaces	2023	VLDB	4.3631652e-05
91	M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces	1997	VLDB	0.0005181666
4,985	Pivot-based Metric Indexing	2017	VLDB	5.7856648e-05