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The Lernaean Hydra of Data Series Similarity Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State of the Art

Summary: Formalizes the Lernaean Hydra of data-series similarity search by defining the flavors and presenting the first systematic, empirical evaluation of state-of-the-art methods. Shows strengths/weaknesses, clarifies terminology, and guides method selection plus standardization directions. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
11999
Venue
VLDB
Year
2019
Pagerank
7.8275859e-05
Overall Rank
3,037 | 79.17%
DOI
10.14778/3282495.3282498

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{echihabi_vldb19,
        title = {{The Lernaean Hydra of Data Series Similarity Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State of the Art}},
        author = {Echihabi, Karima and Zoumpatianos, Kostas and Palpanas, Themis and Benbrahim, Houda},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '19},
        volume = {12},
        number = {2},
        pages = {112--117},
        doi = {10.14778/3282495.3282498},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3282495.3282498},
        year = {2019}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 31 of 31 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1,357 RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 0.00011043994
2,346 Series2Graph: Graph-based Subsequence Anomaly Detection for Time Series 2020 VLDB 8.7168932e-05
2,534 ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science 2023 VLDB 8.4561875e-05
2,572 DeltaPQ: Lossless Product Quantization Code Compression for High Dimensional Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.4027322e-05
2,734 Return of the Lernaean Hydra: Experimental Evaluation of Data Series Approximate Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.190416e-05
3,108 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.7499741e-05
3,240 Graph-Based Vector Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art 2025 SIGMOD 7.6071649e-05
4,212 Data Series Progressive Similarity Search with Probabilistic Quality Guarantees 2020 SIGMOD 6.8283344e-05
4,604 Debunking Four Long-Standing Misconceptions of Time-Series Distance Measures 2020 SIGMOD 6.6104585e-05
5,231 Hercules Against Data Series Similarity Search 2022 VLDB 6.3068064e-05
6,093 High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search: From Time Series to Deep Network Embeddings 2020 SIGMOD 5.978635e-05
6,148 Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN Indexes 2024 VLDB 5.9593368e-05
6,691 Dumpy: A Compact and Adaptive Index for Large Data Series Collections 2023 SIGMOD 5.8011086e-05
7,064 Coconut Palm: Static and Streaming Data Series Exploration Now in your Palm 2019 SIGMOD 5.7123867e-05
7,376 LiteHST: A Tree Embedding based Method for Similarity Search 2023 SIGMOD 5.6298131e-05
8,780 The Inherent Time Complexity and An Efficient Algorithm for Subsequence Matching Problem 2022 VLDB 5.3742778e-05
9,278 Odyssey: A Journey in the Land of Distributed Data Series Similarity Search 2023 VLDB 5.2936898e-05
9,377 LeaFi: Data Series Indexes on Steroids with Learned Filters 2025 SIGMOD 5.2755515e-05
9,407 RWalks: Random Walks as Attribute Diffusers for Filtered Vector Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.2751121e-05
9,479 dCAM: Dimension-wise Class Activation Map for Explaining Multivariate Data Series Classification 2022 SIGMOD 5.2634238e-05
9,733 SPARTAN: Data-Adaptive Symbolic Time-Series Approximation 2025 SIGMOD 5.227679e-05
9,964 DIDS: Double Indices and Double Summarizations for Fast Similarity Search 2024 VLDB 5.18753e-05
10,036 VStream: A Distributed Streaming Vector Search System 2025 VLDB 5.173224e-05
10,297 TaCo: Data-adaptive and Query-aware Subspace Collision for High-dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,629 MS-Index: Fast Top-k Subsequence Search for Multivariate Time Series under Euclidean Distance 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,747 A Structured Study of Multivariate Time-Series Distance Measures 2025 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,059 Cardinality Estimation for Similarity Search on High-Dimensional Data Objects: The Impact of Reference Objects 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,107 Representative Time Series Discovery for Data Exploration 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,316 DeepSketch: A Query Sketching Interface for Deep Time Series Similarity Search 2024 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,416 Correlation Joins over Time Series Data Streams Utilizing Complementary Dimension Reduction and Transformation 2023 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
11,435 Accelerating Similarity Search for Elastic Measures: A Study and New Generalization of Lower Bounding Distances 2023 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 16 of 16 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
2 R-Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure For Spatial Searching 1984 SIGMOD 0.0020210012
4 The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles 1990 SIGMOD 0.001157935
21 Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing 1999 VLDB 0.00056760516
41 Fast Subsequence Matching in Time-Series Databases 1994 SIGMOD 0.00046675394
46 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.00044853085
56 M-tree: An Efficient Access Method for Similarity Search in Metric Spaces 1997 VLDB 0.00040719947
190 Locally Adaptive Dimensionality Reduction for Indexing Large Time Series Databases 2001 SIGMOD 0.00026105472
580 SRS: Solving c-Approximate Nearest Neighbor Queries in High Dimensional Euclidean Space with a Tiny Index 2015 VLDB 0.00016157635
592 Distance-Based Indexing For High-Dimensional Metric Spaces 1997 SIGMOD 0.00016029789
810 Similarity-Based Queries for Time Series Data 1997 SIGMOD 0.00013874464
898 Querying and Mining of Time Series Data: Experimental Comparison of Representations and Distance Measures 2008 VLDB 0.00013339042
1,084 A Data-adaptive and Dynamic Segmentation Index for Whole Matching on Time Series 2013 VLDB 0.00012256753
3,486 Scalable, Variable-Length Similarity Search in Data Series: The ULISSE Approach 2018 VLDB 7.3696676e-05
4,506 Matrix Profile X: VALMOD - Scalable Discovery of Variable-Length Motifs in Data Series 2018 SIGMOD 6.6569729e-05
5,244 Top-k Nearest Neighbor Search In Uncertain Data Series 2015 VLDB 6.3018164e-05
7,608 Uncertain Time-Series Similarity: Return to the Basics 2012 VLDB 5.5845913e-05
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# Overall Rank Paper Year Venue
1 6,483 Similarity Search: A Matching Based Approach 2006 VLDB
2 6,093 High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search: From Time Series to Deep Network Embeddings 2020 SIGMOD
3 898 Querying and Mining of Time Series Data: Experimental Comparison of Representations and Distance Measures 2008 VLDB
4 810 Similarity-Based Queries for Time Series Data 1997 SIGMOD
5 7,309 Set-based Similarity Search for Time Series 2016 SIGMOD
6 6,756 On Efficiently Searching Trajectories and Archival Data for Historical Similarities 2008 VLDB
7 4,212 Data Series Progressive Similarity Search with Probabilistic Quality Guarantees 2020 SIGMOD
8 3,486 Scalable, Variable-Length Similarity Search in Data Series: The ULISSE Approach 2018 VLDB
9 5,231 Hercules Against Data Series Similarity Search 2022 VLDB
10 2,734 Return of the Lernaean Hydra: Experimental Evaluation of Data Series Approximate Similarity Search 2020 VLDB