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SEFRQO: A Self-Evolving Fine-Tuned RAG-Based Query Optimizer

Summary: SEFRQO is a self-evolving RAG-based query optimizer that fine-tunes LLMs (supervised + reinforcement) to produce performance-oriented query hints by retrieving execution-feedback. It dynamically builds prompts from similar queries and per-query execution records for continual in-context learning, cutting latency up to ~65–94% vs prior LQOs. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 11 2026)

Paper ID
7612
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2026
Pagerank
5.093636e-05
Overall Rank
10,401 | 28.64%
DOI
10.1145/3769826

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Authors

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{liu_sigmod26,
        title = {{SEFRQO: A Self-Evolving Fine-Tuned RAG-Based Query Optimizer}},
        author = {Liu, Hanwen and Zhang, Qihan and Marcus, Ryan and Sabek, Ibrahim},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '26},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3769826},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3769826},
        year = {2026}
}

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 22 of 22 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
18 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059284255
154 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00028726181
279 Text-to-SQL Empowered by Large Language Models: A Benchmark Evaluation 2024 VLDB 0.00022468369
286 Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System 2021 SIGMOD 0.00022357911
378 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019638121
950 CAESURA: Language Models as Multi-Modal Query Planners 2024 CIDR 0.0001302491
1,241 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011521639
1,337 DB-BERT: A Database Tuning Tool that "Reads the Manual" 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011117488
1,876 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.5717543e-05
2,298 GPTuner: A Manual-Reading Database Tuning System via GPT-Guided Bayesian Optimization 2024 VLDB 8.7886538e-05
2,420 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 8.605257e-05
2,762 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1539867e-05
3,516 LOGER: A Learned Optimizer towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans 2023 VLDB 7.3524442e-05
3,998 Deploying a Steered Query Optimizer in Production at Microsoft 2022 SIGMOD 6.9676473e-05
4,434 LEON: A New Framework for ML-Aided Query Optimization 2023 VLDB 6.7079088e-05
4,470 Kepler: Robust Learning for Faster Parametric Query Optimization 2023 SIGMOD 6.6817353e-05
5,277 FASTgres: Making Learned Query Optimizer Hinting Effective 2023 VLDB 6.2859099e-05
5,701 Lemo: A Cache-Enhanced Learned Optimizer for Concurrent Queries 2023 SIGMOD 6.1167049e-05
6,259 R-Bot: An LLM-based Query Rewrite System 2025 VLDB 5.93967e-05
6,378 Demonstrating GPT-DB: Generating Query-Specific and Customizable Code for SQL Processing with GPT-4 2023 VLDB 5.8929835e-05
7,809 Can Large Language Models Be Query Optimizer for Relational Databases? 2026 SIGMOD 5.5399022e-05
7,865 Generating Succinct Descriptions of Database Schemata for Cost-Efficient Prompting of Large Language Models 2024 VLDB 5.5282752e-05
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