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Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer

Summary: Neo (Neural Optimizer) uses deep neural networks to generate query execution plans, offering a learning-based alternative to hand-tuned optimizers. Bootstrapped from traditional optimizers, it learns from live queries, adapts to data patterns, is robust to estimation errors, and can match or surpass state-of-the-art engines. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
12047
Venue
VLDB
Year
2019
Pagerank
0.00028726181
Overall Rank
154 | 98.95%
DOI
10.14778/3342263.3342644

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{marcus_vldb19,
        title = {{Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer}},
        author = {Marcus, Ryan and Negi, Parimarjan and Mao, Hongzi and Zhang, Chi and Alizadeh, Mohammad and Kraska, Tim and Papaemmanouil, Olga and Tatbul, Nesime},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '19},
        volume = {12},
        number = {11},
        pages = {1705--1718},
        doi = {10.14778/3342263.3342644},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3342263.3342644},
        year = {2019}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 174 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
323 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021264788
378 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019638121
401 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019092557
447 ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index 2020 SIGMOD 0.00018322593
465 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001803934
513 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017190574
1,061 Are We Ready For Learned Cardinality Estimation? 2021 VLDB 0.00012369764
1,135 Qd-tree: Learning Data Layouts for Big Data Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00012032847
1,170 QuickSel: Quick Selectivity Learning with Mixture Models 2020 SIGMOD 0.00011827259
1,241 Balsa: Learning a Query Optimizer Without Expert Demonstrations 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011521639
1,337 DB-BERT: A Database Tuning Tool that "Reads the Manual" 2022 SIGMOD 0.00011117488
1,551 Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions 2021 VLDB 0.00010381398
1,573 Deep Learning Models for Selectivity Estimation of Multi-Attribute Queries 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010328171
1,686 Black or White? How to Develop an AutoTuner for Memory-based Analytics 2020 SIGMOD 0.00010008686
1,876 Flow-Loss: Learning Cardinality Estimates That Matter 2021 VLDB 9.5717543e-05
1,982 WeTune: Automatic Discovery and Verification of Query Rewrite Rules 2022 SIGMOD 9.3573897e-05
1,988 FLAT: Fast, Lightweight and Accurate Method for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 9.3501502e-05
2,347 Vertica-ML: Distributed Machine Learning in Vertica Database 2020 SIGMOD 8.7157552e-05
2,355 QueryFormer: A Tree Transformer Model for Query Plan Representation 2022 VLDB 8.7022189e-05
2,420 Lero: A Learning-to-Rank Query Optimizer 2023 VLDB 8.605257e-05
2,452 A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search 2022 VLDB 8.5584e-05
2,499 Learning a Partitioning Advisor for Cloud Databases 2020 SIGMOD 8.4993549e-05
2,521 CodexDB: Synthesizing Code for Query Processing from Natural Language Instructions using GPT-3 Codex 2022 VLDB 8.4729505e-05
2,762 Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection 2022 VLDB 8.1539867e-05
2,806 Are Updatable Learned Indexes Ready? 2022 VLDB 8.1013097e-05
2,822 Cost Models for Big Data Query Processing: Learning, Retrofitting, and Our Findings 2020 SIGMOD 8.0898536e-05
2,844 Zero-Shot Cost Models for Out-of-the-box Learned Cost Prediction 2022 VLDB 8.0608767e-05
2,888 AI Meets Database: AI4DB and DB4AI 2021 SIGMOD 7.9941489e-05
2,991 FactorJoin: A New Cardinality Estimation Framework for Join Queries 2023 SIGMOD 7.8880723e-05
3,035 Instance-Optimized Data Layouts for Cloud Analytics Workloads 2021 SIGMOD 7.8297746e-05
3,338 Robust Query Driven Cardinality Estimation under Changing Workloads 2023 VLDB 7.5068221e-05
3,516 LOGER: A Learned Optimizer towards Generating Efficient and Robust Query Execution Plans 2023 VLDB 7.3524442e-05
3,545 Astrid: Accurate Selectivity Estimation for String Predicates using Deep Learning 2021 VLDB 7.3249967e-05
3,587 HUNTER: An Online Cloud Database Hybrid Tuning System for Personalized Requirements 2022 SIGMOD 7.2829345e-05
3,662 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 7.2166682e-05
3,762 HTAP Databases: What is New and What is Next 2022 SIGMOD 7.1449267e-05
3,769 Proving Query Equivalence Using Linear Integer Arithmetic 2023 SIGMOD 7.1403543e-05
3,802 Leaper: A Learned Prefetcher for Cache Invalidation in LSM-tree based Storage Engines 2020 VLDB 7.1115502e-05
3,809 Auto-WLM: Machine Learning Enhanced Workload Management in Amazon Redshift 2023 SIGMOD 7.1074195e-05
3,865 The Case for a Learned Sorting Algorithm 2020 SIGMOD 7.0621718e-05
3,953 Efficient Deep Learning Pipelines for Accurate Cost Estimations Over Large Scale Query Workload 2021 SIGMOD 6.996368e-05
3,961 MB2: Decomposed Behavior Modeling for Self-Driving Database Management Systems 2021 SIGMOD 6.987575e-05
3,998 Deploying a Steered Query Optimizer in Production at Microsoft 2022 SIGMOD 6.9676473e-05
4,011 Towards Dynamic and Safe Configuration Tuning for Cloud Databases 2022 SIGMOD 6.959982e-05
4,073 Stable Learned Bloom Filters for Data Streams 2020 VLDB 6.9242783e-05
4,084 Comprehensive and Efficient Workload Compression 2021 VLDB 6.9151691e-05
4,368 Lightweight and Accurate Cardinality Estimation by Neural Network Gaussian Process 2022 SIGMOD 6.7393882e-05
4,375 FiGO: Fine-Grained Query Optimization in Video Analytics 2022 SIGMOD 6.7369552e-05
4,398 Real-time Workload Pattern Analysis for Large-scale Cloud Databases 2023 VLDB 6.7248611e-05
4,434 LEON: A New Framework for ML-Aided Query Optimization 2023 VLDB 6.7079088e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 14 of 14 cited papers.

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