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Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection

Summary: Hybrid query optimization combines learning-generated hints with cost-based completion to produce candidate plans. An uncertainty-aware runtime model selects among them, improving robustness on dynamic workloads and cutting PostgreSQL total latency 25% and tail latency 65%. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
13091
Venue
VLDB
Year
2022
Pagerank
8.1539867e-05
Overall Rank
2,762 | 81.06%
DOI
10.14778/3565838.3565846

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{yu_vldb22,
        title = {{Cost-based or Learning-based? A Hybrid Query Optimizer for Query Plan Selection}},
        author = {Yu, Xiang and Chai, Chengliang and Li, Guoliang and Liu, Jiabin},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '22},
        volume = {15},
        number = {13},
        pages = {3924--3936},
        doi = {10.14778/3565838.3565846},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3565838.3565846},
        year = {2022}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 35 of 35 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
3,792 Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation 2023 VLDB 7.1220982e-05
4,886 Chat2Data: An Interactive Data Analysis System with RAG, Vector Databases and LLMs 2024 VLDB 6.4614955e-05
4,929 AutoSteer: Learned Query Optimization for Any SQL Database 2023 VLDB 6.4423294e-05
5,277 FASTgres: Making Learned Query Optimizer Hinting Effective 2023 VLDB 6.2859099e-05
5,573 Eraser: Eliminating Performance Regression on Learned Query Optimizer 2024 VLDB 6.1682747e-05
5,701 Lemo: A Cache-Enhanced Learned Optimizer for Concurrent Queries 2023 SIGMOD 6.1167049e-05
5,712 Sample-Efficient Cardinality Estimation Using Geometric Deep Learning 2024 VLDB 6.1123894e-05
6,271 Is Your Learned Query Optimizer Behaving As You Expect? A Machine Learning Perspective 2024 VLDB 5.9326197e-05
6,462 PilotScope: Steering Databases with Machine Learning Drivers 2024 VLDB 5.8717744e-05
6,735 Join Order Selection with Deep Reinforcement Learning: Fundamentals, Techniques, and Challenges 2023 VLDB 5.7878855e-05
7,199 Learned Data-aware Image Representations of Line Charts for Similarity Search 2023 SIGMOD 5.6759927e-05
7,809 Can Large Language Models Be Query Optimizer for Relational Databases? 2026 SIGMOD 5.5399022e-05
8,042 Grep: A Graph Learning Based Database Partitioning System 2023 SIGMOD 5.5015896e-05
8,163 Learned Offline Query Planning via Bayesian Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.4751517e-05
8,643 PACE: Poisoning Attacks on Learned Cardinality Estimation 2024 SIGMOD 5.3940849e-05
9,428 LIMAO: A Framework for Lifelong Modular Learned Query Optimization 2025 VLDB 5.2709145e-05
9,433 FEBench: A Benchmark for Real-Time Relational Data Feature Extraction 2023 VLDB 5.2696166e-05
9,601 Low Rank Learning for Offline Query Optimization 2025 SIGMOD 5.2487799e-05
9,626 Spatial Query Optimization With Learning 2024 VLDB 5.2434488e-05
10,108 An Elephant Under The Microscope: Analyzing The Interaction Of Optimizer Components In PostgreSQL 2025 SIGMOD 5.1347137e-05
10,196 Are Learned DBMS Components Robust to Workload Drift?: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,272 NeurBench: A Benchmark Suite for Learned Database Components with Drift Modeling: [Experiments & Analysis] 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,316 GenJoin: Conditional Generative Plan-to-Plan Query Optimizer that Learns from Subplan Hints 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,327 Rainbow: Risk-aware Index Benefit Estimation Facing Out Of Distribution Workloads 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,401 SEFRQO: A Self-Evolving Fine-Tuned RAG-Based Query Optimizer 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,445 Divo: Learning a Stable and Effective Query Optimizer with a Diverse Workload 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,492 Reqo: A Comprehensive Learning-Based Cost Model for Robust and Explainable Query Optimization 2026 SIGMOD 5.093636e-05
10,513 LIO: A lightweight and interpretable query optimizer based on an evolutionary forest 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,515 Sample-based Distinct Cardinality Estimation for Multiple Attributes in Multi-Dataset Queries 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,529 Robust Predicate Transfer with Dynamic Execution 2026 VLDB 5.093636e-05
10,881 Robust Plan Evaluation based on Approximate Probabilistic Machine Learning 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,065 Learned Cost Models for Query Optimization: From Batch to Streaming Systems 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,083 Graph Transformers for Query Plan Representation: Potentials and Challenges 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,091 LEAP: A Low-cost Spark SQL Query Optimizer using Pairwise Comparison 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
11,103 RankPQO: Learning-to-Rank for Parametric Query Optimization 2025 VLDB 5.093636e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 25 of 25 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0024089429
18 How Good Are Query Optimizers, Really? 2016 VLDB 0.00059284255
43 The Case for Learned Index Structures 2018 SIGMOD 0.00046060254
84 Learned Cardinalities: Estimating Correlated Joins with Deep Learning 2019 CIDR 0.00035838391
154 Neo: A Learned Query Optimizer 2019 VLDB 0.00028726181
316 Measuring the Complexity of Join Enumeration in Query Optimization 1990 VLDB 0.0002141607
323 DeepDB: Learn from Data, not from Queries! 2020 VLDB 0.00021264788
378 Bao: Making Learned Query Optimization Practical 2021 SIGMOD 0.00019638121
401 Deep Unsupervised Cardinality Estimation 2020 VLDB 0.00019092557
465 An End-to-End Learning-based Cost Estimator 2020 VLDB 0.0001803934
498 QTune: A Query-Aware Database Tuning System with Deep Reinforcement Learning 2019 VLDB 0.00017440583
513 NeuroCard: One Cardinality Estimator for All Tables 2021 VLDB 0.00017190574
563 Plan-Structured Deep Neural Network Models for Query Performance Prediction 2019 VLDB 0.0001650812
566 Towards a Robust Query Optimizer: A Principled and Practical Approach 2005 SIGMOD 0.00016436005
1,121 ARDA: Automatic Relational Data Augmentation for Machine Learning 2020 VLDB 0.00012093059
1,235 Towards Linear Algebra over Normalized Data 2017 VLDB 0.00011548457
1,712 SkinnerDB: Regret-Bounded Query Evaluation via Reinforcement Learning 2019 SIGMOD 9.9492299e-05
2,452 A Learned Query Rewrite System using Monte Carlo Tree Search 2022 VLDB 8.5584e-05
2,620 Fauce: Fast and Accurate Deep Ensembles with Uncertainty for Cardinality Estimation 2021 VLDB 8.3363963e-05
2,723 Learned Cardinality Estimation: A Design Space Exploration and A Comparative Evaluation 2022 VLDB 8.2049453e-05
3,662 openGauss: An Autonomous Database System 2021 VLDB 7.2166682e-05
3,688 FACE: A Normalizing Flow based Cardinality Estimator 2022 VLDB 7.201795e-05
4,808 Selective Data Acquisition in the Wild for Model Charging 2022 VLDB 6.4991553e-05
5,169 LearnedSQLGen: Constraint-aware SQL Generation using Reinforcement Learning 2022 SIGMOD 6.3349035e-05
7,112 Coresets over Multiple Tables for Feature-rich and Data-efficient Machine Learning 2023 VLDB 5.6990782e-05
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