PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery

Summary: PLIN adapts learned indexes to NVM by redesigning node layout and placement—locally unordered but globally ordered leaves, model-copying, and hierarchical insertions to minimize NVM block misses and speed updates. NVM-only design with optimistic concurrency yields ~2.08x insert, ~4.42x query speedups over prior NVM indices and ~30 μs instant recovery. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: 13091
Venue: VLDB
Year: 2023
Pagerank: 5.4210633e-05
Overall Rank: 5,592 | 61.10%
DOI: 10.14778/3565816.3565826

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 12 of 12 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
5,074	Learned Index: A Comprehensive Experimental Evaluation	2023	VLDB	5.7175726e-05
5,762	Oasis: An Optimal Disjoint Segmented Learned Range Filter	2024	VLDB	5.3377299e-05
7,043	NVM: Is it Not Very Meaningful for Databases?	2023	VLDB	4.8539749e-05
7,154	Bf-Tree: A Modern Read-Write-Optimized Concurrent Larger-Than-Memory Range Index	2024	VLDB	4.815267e-05
7,390	Making In-Memory Learned Indexes Efficient on Disk	2024	SIGMOD	4.7431654e-05
8,076	Accelerating String-key Learned Index Structures via Memoization-based Incremental Training	2024	VLDB	4.5917398e-05
8,671	Algorithmic Complexity Attacks on Dynamic Learned Indexes	2024	VLDB	4.4714076e-05
8,950	Unlocking the Potential of CXL for Disaggregated Memory in Cloud-Native Databases	2025	SIGMOD	4.4231907e-05
9,746	Why Are Learned Indexes So Effective but Sometimes Ineffective?	2025	VLDB	4.2897489e-05
10,038	Understanding Robustness Issues of Updatable Learned Indexes: [Experiments & Analysis]	2026	SIGMOD	4.1945683e-05
10,257	SIDLE: Tree-structure Aware Indexes for CXL-based Heterogeneous Memory	2026	VLDB	4.1945683e-05
10,712	DobLIX: A Dual-Objective Learned Index for Log-Structured Merge Trees	2025	VLDB	4.1945683e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 19 of 19 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
102	The Case for Learned Index Structures	2018	SIGMOD	0.00049545203
576	Rethinking Database Algorithms for Phase Change Memory	2011	CIDR	0.00019865648
680	FPTree: A Hybrid SCM-DRAM Persistent and Concurrent B-Tree for Storage Class Memory	2016	SIGMOD	0.0001821501
819	Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory	2015	VLDB	0.00016298164
826	ALEX: An Updatable Adaptive Learned Index	2020	SIGMOD	0.00016224841
857	The PGM-index: a fully-dynamic compressed learned index with provable worst-case bounds	2020	VLDB	0.00015882892
1,375	FITing-Tree: A Data-aware Index Structure	2019	SIGMOD	0.00012303141
1,405	BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory	2018	VLDB	0.00012174592
1,460	Benchmarking Learned Indexes	2021	VLDB	0.00011887068
2,451	Write-limited sorts and joins for persistent memory	2014	VLDB	8.7856313e-05
2,510	LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory	2020	VLDB	8.6204284e-05
2,552	Updatable Learned Index with Precise Positions	2021	VLDB	8.5530411e-05
2,992	DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB	7.7693475e-05
3,131	FINEdex: A Fine-grained Learned Index Scheme for Scalable and Concurrent Memory Systems	2022	VLDB	7.4985793e-05
3,366	An Adaptive Packed-Memory Array	2006	PODS	7.1726818e-05
4,074	Understanding the Idiosyncrasies of Real Persistent Memory	2021	VLDB	6.4717302e-05
4,084	APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	6.4622113e-05
4,235	Spitfire: A Three-Tier Buffer Manager for Volatile and Non-Volatile Memory	2021	SIGMOD	6.3342932e-05
4,281	Maximizing Persistent Memory Bandwidth Utilization for OLAP Workloads	2021	SIGMOD	6.2940039e-05

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Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
3,470	Evaluating Persistent Memory Range Indexes	2020	VLDB	7.0655357e-05
6,472	NBTree: a Lock-free PM-friendly Persistent B+-Tree for eADR-enabled PM Systems	2022	VLDB	5.0510585e-05
7,099	PIM-tree: A Skew-resistant Index for Processing-in-Memory	2023	VLDB	4.8326366e-05
6,445	Updatable Learned Indexes Meet Disk-Resident DBMS - From Evaluations to Design Choices	2023	SIGMOD	5.0589805e-05
2,992	DPTree: Differential Indexing for Persistent Memory	2020	VLDB	7.7693475e-05
1,460	Benchmarking Learned Indexes	2021	VLDB	0.00011887068
1,405	BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory	2018	VLDB	0.00012174592
4,084	APEX: A High-Performance Learned Index on Persistent Memory	2022	VLDB	6.4622113e-05
2,510	LB+-Trees: Optimizing Persistent Index Performance on 3DXPoint Memory	2020	VLDB	8.6204284e-05
819	Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory	2015	VLDB	0.00016298164