Back to papers
Spruce: A Fast yet Space-saving Structure for Dynamic Graph Storage
Summary: Spruce is an in-memory dynamic-graph store with a vEB-inspired multilevel structure that shares vertex prefixes to reduce space. Read-optimized concurrency enables fast updates with 2.4x ingestion and 38% memory savings vs top competitors, analytics on par.
(summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)
Paper ID
h7f430309fe2c1369
Venue
SIGMOD
Year
2024
Pagerank
6.2901915e-05
Overall Rank
5,065 | 65.95%
DOI
10.1145/3639282
Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time
Authors
1.
Jifan Shi
(University of Science and Technology Beijing)
2.
Biao Wang
(University of Science and Technology Beijing)
3.
Yun Xu
(University of Science and Technology Beijing)
BibTeX Citation
Copy BibTeX
@inproceedings{shi_sigmod24,
title = {{Spruce: A Fast yet Space-saving Structure for Dynamic Graph Storage}},
author = {Shi, Jifan and Wang, Biao and Xu, Yun},
series = {{SIGMOD} '24},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
doi = {10.1145/3639282},
url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3639282},
year = {2024}
}
Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 10 of 10 citing papers.
Rank
Citing Paper
Year
Venue
Pagerank
6,120
LSMGraph: A High-Performance Dynamic Graph Storage System with Multi-Level CSR
2024
SIGMOD
5.880693e-05
9,056
Aster: Enhancing LSM-structures for Scalable Graph Database
2025
SIGMOD
5.2295363e-05
9,057
BACH: Bridging Adjacency List and CSR Format using LSM-Trees for HGTAP Workloads
2025
VLDB
5.2295363e-05
9,802
RapidStore: An Efficient Dynamic Graph Storage System for Concurrent Queries
2025
VLDB
5.1257999e-05
9,964
Dynamic Graph Databases with Out-of-order Updates
2024
VLDB
5.1038322e-05
10,077
GTX: A Write-Optimized Latch-free Graph Data System with Transactional Support
2025
SIGMOD
5.0830849e-05
10,423
Bw-Graph: An Efficient Graph Storage System Harmonizing Topology-Aware Tree with Paged CSR
2026
SIGMOD
4.9793485e-05
10,638
Enabling Efficient Direct Update on Rule-Based Compressed Graph
2026
SIGMOD
4.9793485e-05
10,676
RadixGraph: A Fast, Space-Optimized Data Structure for Dynamic Graph Storage
2026
SIGMOD
4.9793485e-05
11,140
Catching up with Disorder: Dynamic Graphs with Out-of-Order Updates
2025
SIGMOD
4.9793485e-05
Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)
Showing 15 of 15 cited papers.
Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.
Rank
Cited Paper
Year
Venue
Pagerank
207
Cache Conscious Indexing for Decision-Support in Main Memory
1999
VLDB
0.00024970987
236
LinkBench: a Database Benchmark Based on the Facebook Social Graph
2013
SIGMOD
0.00023671522
907
HOT: A Height Optimized Trie Index for Main-Memory Database Systems
2018
SIGMOD
0.00013158824
1,280
LiveGraph: A Transactional Graph Storage System with Purely Sequential Adjacency List Scans
2020
VLDB
0.00011223622
1,486
LDBC Graphalytics: A Benchmark for Large-Scale Graph Analysis on Parallel and Distributed Platforms
2016
VLDB
0.00010522557
1,510
BF-Tree: Approximate Tree Indexing
2014
VLDB
0.00010438563
1,600
SQLGraph: An Efficient Relational-Based Property Graph Store
2015
SIGMOD
0.00010112271
2,029
Teseo and the Analysis of Structural Dynamic Graphs
2021
VLDB
9.1592382e-05
2,959
Sortledton: a Universal, Transactional Graph Data Structure
2022
VLDB
7.8076128e-05
2,977
An Adaptive Packed-Memory Array
2006
PODS
7.7897768e-05
3,113
RisGraph: A Real-Time Streaming System for Evolving Graphs to Support Sub-millisecond Per-update Analysis at Millions Ops/s
2021
SIGMOD
7.6351769e-05
3,847
Terrace: A Hierarchical Graph Container for Skewed Dynamic Graphs
2021
SIGMOD
6.9831533e-05
4,777
Tornado: A System For Real-Time Iterative Analysis Over Evolving Data
2016
SIGMOD
6.4184698e-05
7,422
Real Time Discovery of Dense Clusters in Highly Dynamic Graphs: Identifying Real World Events in Highly Dynamic Environments
2012
VLDB
5.5323086e-05
8,174
Hyperion: Building the Largest In-memory Search Tree
2019
SIGMOD
5.3839613e-05
Semantically Similar Papers
#
Overall Rank
Paper
Year
Venue
1
2,029
Teseo and the Analysis of Structural Dynamic Graphs
2021
VLDB
2
8,819
An Experimental Comparison of Tree-data Structures for Connectivity Queries on Fully-dynamic Undirected Graphs
2025
SIGMOD
3
7,799
GraphZeppelin: Storage-Friendly Sketching for Connected Components on Dynamic Graph Streams
2022
SIGMOD
4
11,540
Constant-time Connectivity Querying in Dynamic Graphs
2024
SIGMOD
5
3,217
Dynamic Spanning Trees for Connectivity Queries on Fully-dynamic Undirected Graphs
2022
VLDB
6
9,802
RapidStore: An Efficient Dynamic Graph Storage System for Concurrent Queries
2025
VLDB
7
8,327
Revisiting the Design of In-Memory Dynamic Graph Storage
2025
SIGMOD
8
10,638
Enabling Efficient Direct Update on Rule-Based Compressed Graph
2026
SIGMOD
9
10,676
RadixGraph: A Fast, Space-Optimized Data Structure for Dynamic Graph Storage
2026
SIGMOD
10
6,120
LSMGraph: A High-Performance Dynamic Graph Storage System with Multi-Level CSR
2024
SIGMOD