Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System

Summary: Milvus is a purpose-built vector data management system for large-scale dynamic vector data on CPU/GPU and clusters. It offers SDKs/REST, advanced queries beyond similarity search, and scalable updates, outperforming Vearch/SPTAG by up to 100x. (summarized by gpt-5-nano on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID: ha0e7a0dcdc514118
Venue: SIGMOD
Year: 2021
Pagerank: 0.00025636725
Overall Rank: 194 | 98.70%
DOI: 10.1145/3448016.3457550

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

1. Jianguo Wang (Purdue University; Zilliz)
2. Xiaomeng Yi (Zilliz)
3. Rentong Guo (Zilliz)
4. Hai Jin (Zilliz)
5. Peng Xu (Zilliz)
6. Shengjun Li (Zilliz)
7. Xiangyu Wang (Zilliz)
8. Xiangzhou Guo (Zilliz)
9. Chengming Li (Zilliz)
10. Xiaohai Xu (Zilliz)
11. Kun Yu (Zilliz)
12. Yuxing Yuan (Zilliz)
13. Yinghao Zou (Zilliz)
14. Jiquan Long (Zilliz)
15. Yudong Cai (Zilliz)
16. Zhenxiang Li (Zilliz)
17. Zhifeng Zhang (Zilliz)
18. Yihua Mo (Zilliz)
19. Jun Gu (Zilliz)
20. Ruiyi Jiang (Zilliz)
21. Yi Wei (Zilliz)
22. Charles Xie (Zilliz)

BibTeX Citation

@inproceedings{wang_sigmod21,
        title = {{Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System}},
        author = {Wang, Jianguo and Yi, Xiaomeng and Guo, Rentong and Jin, Hai and Xu, Peng and Li, Shengjun and Wang, Xiangyu and Guo, Xiangzhou and Li, Chengming and Xu, Xiaohai and Yu, Kun and Yuan, Yuxing and Zou, Yinghao and Long, Jiquan and Cai, Yudong and Li, Zhenxiang and Zhang, Zhifeng and Mo, Yihua and Gu, Jun and Jiang, Ruiyi and Wei, Yi and Xie, Charles},
        series = {{SIGMOD} '21},
        booktitle = {Proceedings of the {ACM} {SIGMOD} International Conference on Management of Data},
        publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
        doi = {10.1145/3448016.3457550},
        url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3448016.3457550},
        year = {2021}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 9 of 109 citing papers.

Rank	Citing Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
10,929	SQL-Native Vector Search at Billion Scale in Presto	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
10,948	Nova: A Multi-Purpose Vector Engine for Low-Latency, Multi-Tenant, and Cross-Table Hybrid Retrieval	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
11,012	ARCADE: A Real-Time Data System for Hybrid and Continuous Query Processing across Diverse Data Modalities	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
11,028	Advances of Query Processing in Vector Databases	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
11,048	Elastic Index Selection for Label-Hybrid AKNN Search	2026	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
11,076	Cephalopod - Virtual Data Model Composition through Partial Query Translation	2025	CIDR	4.9793485e-05
11,288	Concurrency Control as a Service	2025	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
11,426	ML-Asset Management: Curation, Discovery, and Utilization	2025	VLDB	4.9793485e-05
11,513	RITA: Group Attention is All You Need for Timeseries Analytics	2024	SIGMOD	4.9793485e-05

Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 20 of 20 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank	Cited Paper	Year	Venue	Pagerank
5	Optimal Aggregation Algorithms for Middleware [Extended Abstract]	2001	PODS	0.0010679641
20	Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing	1999	VLDB	0.00057568153
52	The Snowflake Elastic Data Warehouse	2016	SIGMOD	0.00041219077
63	Amazon Aurora: Design Considerations for High Throughput Cloud-Native Relational Databases	2017	SIGMOD	0.00038531147
74	Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph	2019	VLDB	0.00037091678
148	Gorilla: A Fast, Scalable, In-Memory Time Series Database	2015	VLDB	0.0002900671
341	AnalyticDB-V: A Hybrid Analytical Engine Towards Query Fusion for Structured and Unstructured Data	2020	VLDB	0.00020539791
713	Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan	2016	VLDB	0.00014571977
916	PASE: PostgreSQL Ultra-High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Extension	2020	SIGMOD	0.00013094482
1,328	VHP: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search via Virtual Hypersphere Partitioning	2020	VLDB	0.00011003106
1,370	word2vec, node2vec, graph2vec, X2vec: Towards a Theory of Vector Embeddings of Structured Data	2020	PODS	0.00010899399
1,485	PM-LSH: A Fast and Accurate LSH Framework for High-Dimensional Approximate NN Search	2020	VLDB	0.00010523759
1,897	iDEC: Indexable Distance Estimating Codes for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search	2020	VLDB	9.4092345e-05
2,201	An Experimental Study of Bitmap Compression vs. Inverted List Compression	2017	SIGMOD	8.8726671e-05
2,503	FEXIPRO: Fast and Exact Inner Product Retrieval in Recommender Systems	2017	SIGMOD	8.3786151e-05
3,236	Intelligent Probing for Locality Sensitive Hashing: Multi-Probe LSH and Beyond	2017	VLDB	7.5020521e-05
3,578	Aggregation Support for Modern Graph Analytics in TigerGraph	2020	SIGMOD	7.1926749e-05
3,649	Db2 Event Store: A Purpose-Built IoT Database Engine	2020	VLDB	7.1344087e-05
3,656	Best Position Algorithms for Top-k Queries	2007	VLDB	7.1256193e-05
4,752	Optimal Join Algorithms Meet Top-k	2020	SIGMOD	6.434561e-05

Semantically Similar Papers

#	Overall Rank	Paper	Year	Venue
1	10,637	Efficient Vector Index Merging in Vector Databases	2026	SIGMOD
2	13,580	VecFlow-Chamfer: A GPU-based Data Management System for High-Performance Multi-Vector Search on Superchips	2026	SIGMOD
3	4,672	Data Platform for Machine Learning	2019	SIGMOD
4	1,373	High-Throughput Vector Similarity Search in Knowledge Graphs	2023	SIGMOD
5	1,613	Starling: An I/O-Efficient Disk-Resident Graph Index Framework for High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search on Data Segment	2024	SIGMOD
6	8,849	VStream: A Distributed Streaming Vector Search System	2025	VLDB
7	9,649	GaussDB-Vector: A Large-Scale Persistent Real-Time Vector Database for LLM Applications	2025	VLDB
8	10,551	Building Stateless Serverless Vector DBs via Block-based Data Partitioning	2026	SIGMOD
9	2,085	SingleStore-V: An Integrated Vector Database System in SingleStore	2024	VLDB
10	8,032	VecFlow: A High-Performance Vector Data Management System for Filtered-Search on GPUs	2026	SIGMOD