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Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph

Summary: Introduces MRNG, a low-degree monotonic graph with near-logarithmic ANNS search. Its practical approximation, NSG, jointly preserves connectivity, short paths, and compact indexing, enabling billion-scale deployment and outperforming prior graph methods. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Jul 24 2026)

Paper ID
h06efc46e4c3b771a
Venue
VLDB
Year
2019
Pagerank
0.00037163157
Overall Rank
75 | 99.50%
DOI
10.14778/3303753.3303754
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{fu_vldb19,
        title = {{Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph}},
        author = {Fu, Cong and Xiang, Chao and Wang, Changxu and Cai, Deng},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '19},
        volume = {12},
        number = {5},
        pages = {461--474},
        doi = {10.14778/3303753.3303754},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3303753.3303754},
        year = {2019}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 50 of 138 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
181 Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System 2021 SIGMOD 0.00026425782
325 AnalyticDB-V: A Hybrid Analytical Engine Towards Query Fusion for Structured and Unstructured Data 2020 VLDB 0.00020930941
335 A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2021 VLDB 0.0002067515
802 RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 0.00013822222
837 Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013530806
901 PASE: PostgreSQL Ultra-High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search Extension 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013149954
1,165 Efficient Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Multi-dimensional Databases 2023 SIGMOD 0.00011708765
1,229 ACORN: Performant and Predicate-Agnostic Search Over Vector Embeddings and Structured Data 2024 SIGMOD 0.00011420277
1,280 Manu: A Cloud Native Vector Database Management System 2022 VLDB 0.00011199537
1,601 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010092977
1,610 Starling: An I/O-Efficient Disk-Resident Graph Index Framework for High-Dimensional Vector Similarity Search on Data Segment 2024 SIGMOD 0.00010066881
1,618 Towards Efficient Index Construction and Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2023 VLDB 0.00010045437
1,684 HVS: Hierarchical Graph Structure Based on Voronoi Diagrams for Solving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2022 VLDB 9.8770749e-05
1,797 SingleStore-V: An Integrated Vector Database System in SingleStore 2024 VLDB 9.6056634e-05
1,881 iDEC: Indexable Distance Estimating Codes for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2020 VLDB 9.4262036e-05
1,968 SeRF: Segment Graph for Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 9.2810141e-05
2,067 Similarity search in the blink of an eye with compressed indices 2023 VLDB 9.0707479e-05
2,268 ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science 2023 VLDB 8.7144632e-05
2,426 DeltaPQ: Lossless Product Quantization Code Compression for High Dimensional Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.4692316e-05
2,728 iRangeGraph: Improvising Range-dedicated Graphs for Range-filtering Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 8.0686023e-05
2,733 Return of the Lernaean Hydra: Experimental Evaluation of Data Series Approximate Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.0653682e-05
2,791 Navigating Labels and Vectors: A Unified Approach to Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 7.9939669e-05
2,836 Practical and Asymptotically Optimal Quantization of High-Dimensional Vectors in Euclidean Space for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.9410774e-05
2,885 Graph-Based Vector Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art 2025 SIGMOD 7.8929868e-05
2,968 Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme based on Longest Circular Co-Substring 2020 SIGMOD 7.7879589e-05
3,193 Vexless: A Serverless Vector Data Management System Using Cloud Functions 2024 SIGMOD 7.5325527e-05
3,244 Similarity Query Processing for High-Dimensional Data 2020 VLDB 7.479122e-05
3,389 SymphonyQG: Towards Symphonious Integration of Quantization and Graph for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 7.329962e-05
3,876 RoarGraph: A Projected Bipartite Graph for Efficient Cross-Modal Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 VLDB 6.9349247e-05
3,972 PQCache: Product Quantization-based KVCache for Long Context LLM Inference 2025 SIGMOD 6.8744954e-05
4,077 Revisiting the Index Construction of Proximity Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 6.8040917e-05
4,157 Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN Indexes 2024 VLDB 6.7596305e-05
4,368 UNIFY: Unified Index for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbors Search 2025 VLDB 6.6237291e-05
4,735 Maximum Inner Product is Query-Scaled Nearest Neighbor 2025 VLDB 6.4310678e-05
5,142 Chameleon: a Heterogeneous and Disaggregated Accelerator System for Retrieval-Augmented Language Models 2025 VLDB 6.2420637e-05
5,376 RetroInfer: A Vector Storage Engine for Scalable Long-Context LLM Inference 2026 VLDB 6.139877e-05
5,526 DET-LSH: A Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme with Dynamic Encoding Tree for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 VLDB 6.0804398e-05
5,633 A Topology-Aware Localized Update Strategy for Graph-Based ANN Index 2026 VLDB 6.039647e-05
5,731 Tribase: A Vector Data Query Engine for Reliable and Lossless Pruning Compression using Triangle Inequalities 2025 SIGMOD 5.9967915e-05
5,891 ARKGraph: All-Range Approximate K-Nearest-Neighbor Graph 2023 VLDB 5.9396547e-05
5,903 MIRAGE-ANNS: Mixed Approach Graph-based Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.9357915e-05
6,141 DIGRA: A Dynamic Graph Indexing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search with Range Filter 2025 SIGMOD 5.856289e-05
6,146 Dynamic Range-Filtering Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.8561603e-05
6,197 NaviX: A Native Vector Index Design for Graph DBMSs With Robust Predicate-Agnostic Search Performance 2025 VLDB 5.836466e-05
6,256 Efficient Data-aware Distance Comparison Operations for High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 VLDB 5.8162066e-05
6,455 AlayaDB: The Data Foundation for Efficient and Effective Long-context LLM Inference 2025 SIGMOD 5.762002e-05
6,475 Efficient Dynamic Indexing for Range Filtered Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2025 SIGMOD 5.7553067e-05
6,621 Dumpy: A Compact and Adaptive Index for Large Data Series Collections 2023 SIGMOD 5.7145251e-05
6,892 AquaPipe: A Quality-Aware Pipeline for Knowledge Retrieval and Large Language Models 2025 SIGMOD 5.6385566e-05
6,941 GTI: Graph-based Tree Index with Logarithm Updates for Nearest Neighbor Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2025 VLDB 5.6229105e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 12 of 12 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
4 The R*-tree: An Efficient and Robust Access Method for Points and Rectangles 1990 SIGMOD 0.0011386412
20 Similarity Search in High Dimensions via Hashing 1999 VLDB 0.00057610161
45 A Quantitative Analysis and Performance Study for Similarity-Search Methods in High-Dimensional Spaces 1998 VLDB 0.00044967652
229 Robust and Fast Similarity Search for Moving Object Trajectories 2005 SIGMOD 0.00023850907
286 Query-Aware Locality-Sensitive Hashing for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2016 VLDB 0.00022090962
650 HD-Index: Pushing the Scalability-Accuracy Boundary for Approximate kNN Search in High-Dimensional Spaces 2018 VLDB 0.00015142453
710 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB 0.00014598403
925 SK-LSH: An Efficient Index Structure for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2014 VLDB 0.00013026835
1,524 LazyLSH: Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search for Multiple Distance Functions with a Single Index 2016 SIGMOD 0.0001033427
1,602 Fast and Unified Local Search for Random Walk Based K-Nearest-Neighbor Query in Large Graphs 2014 SIGMOD 0.00010091918
2,501 DSH: Data Sensitive Hashing for High-Dimensional k-NN Search 2014 SIGMOD 8.359489e-05
3,330 Efficient k-NN Search on Vertically Decomposed Data 2002 SIGMOD 7.406702e-05
Previous Page 1 / 1 Next

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3 10,117 Accelerating Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search in Hierarchical Graphs: Efficient Level Navigation with Shortcuts 2025 VLDB
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8 335 A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2021 VLDB
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