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ANNiE: A Learned Query Cost Estimator for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search

Summary: ANNiE introduces learned cost estimation for graph-based ANNS, predicting effort to meet a target recall with probabilistic guarantees. Its cost-based search, ANNiE-S, automatically meets per-query recall targets and delivers 2.3× speedups. (summarized by gpt-5.6-luna on Aug 28 2026)

Paper ID
he29ece22e91bf7e5
Venue
VLDB
Year
2026
Pagerank
4.9793485e-05
Overall Rank
10,900 | 26.72%
DOI
10.14778/3836663.3836728

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Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{wang_vldb26,
        title = {{ANNiE: A Learned Query Cost Estimator for Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search}},
        author = {Wang, Zeyu and Chatzakis, Manos and Wang, Qitong and Palpanas, Themis and Wang, Peng and Wang, Wei},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '26},
        volume = {19},
        number = {11},
        pages = {3820--3833},
        doi = {10.14778/3836663.3836728},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3836663.3836728},
        year = {2026}
}

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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

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Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
1 Access Path Selection in a Relational Database Management System 1979 SIGMOD 0.0023947656
74 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00037091678
194 Milvus: A Purpose-Built Vector Data Management System 2021 SIGMOD 0.00025636725
345 A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2021 VLDB 0.00020445545
804 RaBitQ: Quantizing High-Dimensional Vectors with a Theoretical Error Bound for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 SIGMOD 0.00013832333
839 Improving Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search through Learned Adaptive Early Termination 2020 SIGMOD 0.00013547412
982 Cardinality Estimation in DBMS: A Comprehensive Benchmark Evaluation 2022 VLDB 0.00012714044
1,082 Approximate Query Processing: No Silver Bullet 2017 SIGMOD 0.00012122749
1,465 Pessimistic Cardinality Estimation: Tighter Upper Bounds for Intermediate Join Cardinalities 2019 SIGMOD 0.00010576304
1,601 High-Dimensional Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search: with Reliable and Efficient Distance Comparison Operations 2023 SIGMOD 0.00010103316
2,265 ELPIS: Graph-Based Similarity Search for Scalable Data Science 2023 VLDB 8.7238222e-05
2,730 Return of the Lernaean Hydra: Experimental Evaluation of Data Series Approximate Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.0861221e-05
2,871 Graph-Based Vector Search: An Experimental Evaluation of the State-of-the-Art 2025 SIGMOD 7.9229231e-05
4,304 Data Series Progressive Similarity Search with Probabilistic Quality Guarantees 2020 SIGMOD 6.6771697e-05
4,598 Steiner-Hardness: A Query Hardness Measure for Graph-Based ANN Indexes 2024 VLDB 6.5086378e-05
5,527 DET-LSH: A Locality-Sensitive Hashing Scheme with Dynamic Encoding Tree for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2024 VLDB 6.0936219e-05
5,715 Tribase: A Vector Data Query Engine for Reliable and Lossless Pruning Compression using Triangle Inequalities 2025 SIGMOD 6.019536e-05
6,609 Dumpy: A Compact and Adaptive Index for Large Data Series Collections 2023 SIGMOD 5.7354155e-05
9,136 DARTH: Declarative Recall Through Early Termination for Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.2224279e-05
9,560 Distribution-Aware Exploration for Adaptive HNSW Search 2026 SIGMOD 5.1571823e-05
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