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TOD: GPU-accelerated Outlier Detection via Tensor Operations

Summary: TOD: first tensor-algebra OD system for distributed multi-GPU, decomposing OD algorithms into a few tensor operators to leverage DL hardware/software. Uses provable quantization (no accuracy loss) and automatic multi-GPU batching to fit memory and scale, giving ~10.9x avg speedup vs PyOD and handling larger datasets. (summarized by gpt-5-mini on Feb 09 2026)

Paper ID
hc404f5a90c2a098f
Venue
VLDB
Year
2023
Pagerank
5.3370629e-05
Overall Rank
8,405 | 43.51%
DOI
10.14778/3570690.3570703
PDF
Download (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Incoming Non-self Citations Over Time

Authors

BibTeX Citation

@article{zhao_vldb23,
        title = {{TOD: GPU-accelerated Outlier Detection via Tensor Operations}},
        author = {Zhao, Yue and Chen, George H. and Jia, Zhih​​ao},
        journal = {PVLDB},
        series = {{VLDB} '23},
        volume = {16},
        number = {3},
        pages = {546--560},
        doi = {10.14778/3570690.3570703},
        url = {https://doi.org/10.14778/3570690.3570703},
        year = {2023}
}

Incoming Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 2 of 2 citing papers.

Rank Citing Paper Year Venue Pagerank
10,047 MEMO: Fine-grained Tensor Management For Ultra-long Context LLM Training 2025 SIGMOD 5.0896901e-05
10,258 TenGraph: A Tensor-Based Graph Query Engine 2024 VLDB 5.0489964e-05
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Outgoing Citations (Sorted by Pagerank)

Showing 26 of 26 cited papers.

Citations counted here include only citations to other VLDB/SIGMOD/CIDR/PODS papers in this database.

Rank Cited Paper Year Venue Pagerank
74 Fast Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search With The Navigating Spreading-out Graph 2019 VLDB 0.00037145866
142 LOF: Identifying Density-Based Local Outliers 2000 SIGMOD 0.00029189529
344 A Comprehensive Survey and Experimental Comparison of Graph-Based Approximate Nearest Neighbor Search 2021 VLDB 0.00020455839
712 Cache locality is not enough: High-Performance Nearest Neighbor Search with Product Quantization Fast Scan 2016 VLDB 0.00014593534
1,102 Elle: Inferring Isolation Anomalies from Experimental Observations 2021 VLDB 0.00011999358
1,227 Large Graph Convolutional Network Training with GPU-Oriented Data Communication Architecture 2021 VLDB 0.0001144428
1,341 Relaxed Operator Fusion for In-Memory Databases: Making Compilation, Vectorization, and Prefetching Work Together At Last 2018 VLDB 0.00010963427
1,629 SAND: Streaming Subsequence Anomaly Detection 2021 VLDB 0.0001003165
2,070 Traversing Large Graphs on GPUs with Unified Memory 2020 VLDB 9.087777e-05
2,376 Series2Graph: Graph-based Subsequence Anomaly Detection for Time Series 2020 VLDB 8.5517908e-05
2,444 DeltaPQ: Lossless Product Quantization Code Compression for High Dimensional Similarity Search 2020 VLDB 8.4556406e-05
2,547 NETS: Extremely Fast Outlier Detection from a Data Stream via Set-Based Processing 2019 VLDB 8.3120835e-05
2,907 Real-Time Distance-Based Outlier Detection in Data Streams 2021 VLDB 7.8732279e-05
2,972 Time Series Data Cleaning: From Anomaly Detection to Anomaly Repairing 2017 VLDB 7.793491e-05
3,044 Interactive Outlier Exploration in Big Data Streams 2014 VLDB 7.7177446e-05
3,103 On Optimizing Operator Fusion Plans for Large-Scale Machine Learning in SystemML 2018 VLDB 7.6456038e-05
3,955 Tensors: An abstraction for general data processing 2021 VLDB 6.8994712e-05
4,138 The Art of Balance: A RateupDB Experience of Building a CPU/GPU Hybrid Database Product 2021 VLDB 6.782996e-05
5,524 EMOGI: Efficient Memory-access for Out-of-memory Graph-traversal in GPUs 2021 VLDB 6.0931089e-05
6,201 GraphAn: Graph-based Subsequence Anomaly Detection 2020 VLDB 5.8499497e-05
6,598 PPQ-Trajectory: Spatio-temporal Quantization for Querying in Large Trajectory Repositories 2021 VLDB 5.7383366e-05
7,736 PROUD: PaRallel OUtlier Detection for streams 2020 SIGMOD 5.463117e-05
8,347 Efficient Discovery of Sequence Outlier Patterns 2019 VLDB 5.3487955e-05
8,404 From Anomaly Detection to Rumour Detection using Data Streams of Social Platforms 2019 VLDB 5.3371779e-05
9,347 A Demonstration of the Exathlon Benchmarking Platform for Explainable Anomaly Detection 2021 VLDB 5.1886484e-05
10,143 Distance-Based Outlier Detection: Consolidation and Renewed Bearing 2010 VLDB 5.072296e-05
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